Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 18, 2025
Assessing Early Stage Open-Angle Glaucoma in Patients by Isolated-Check Visual Evoked Potential
Published on: May 25, 2020
Glaucoma Home Self-Testing Using VR Visual Fields and Rebound Tonometry Versus In-Clinic Perimetry and Goldmann
Andrew R Berneshawi1, Ann Shue1, Robert T Chang1
1Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Purpose:
This pilot study aimed to assess the feasibility, accuracy, and repeatability of unsupervised, at-home, multi-day glaucoma testing using the Olleyes VisuALL Virtual Reality Platform (VRP) and the iCare HOME handheld self-tonometer.
Methods:
Participants were trained to use two U.S. Food and Drug Administration-registered or approved devices before conducting self-tests at home over 3 consecutive days. The iCare HOME intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements were collected four times daily per eye, and VRP visual field tests were performed once daily. The results were compared with one in-clinic Humphrey Field Analyzer (HFA) visual field test performed on the day of device training, iCare HOME measurements by the trainer, and the last five Goldmann applanation tonometer (GAT) results.
Results:
Of 15 enrolled participants, nine of them (60%) completed the study. The six excluded participants could not self-measure using iCare HOME. There was significant correlation between the average mean deviation (MD) values of the at-home VRP tests and in-clinic HFA test (r2 = 0.8793, P < 0.001). Additionally, the average of the sensitivities in five of six Garway-Heath sectors were significantly correlated. VRP test duration was also shorter than in-clinic HFA testing (P < 0.001). Finally, at-home tonometry yielded statistically similar values compared to trainer-obtained iCare HOME values. The mean and range of at-home tonometry were also statistically similar to those for in-clinic GAT, but at-home tonometry demonstrated higher maximum IOP values (P = 0.0429).
Conclusions:
Unsupervised, at-home, multi-day glaucoma testing using two devices resulted in the capture of higher maximum IOPs than in the clinic and good MD correlation of VRP with HFA. However, 40% of participants could not self-measure IOP using iCare HOME.
Translational Relevance:
The study findings suggest that at-home remote glaucoma monitoring correlates with in-office testing and could provide additional information for glaucoma management, although patients had more difficulty with the iCare HOME than the VRP.
