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Related Concept Videos

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia01:16

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia

381
Intravenous regional anesthesia or the Bier block technique is used to anesthetize a specific limb or extremity. It uses exsanguinated or blood-drained vessels to transport local anesthetics or LAs to the peripheral nerve trunks. Lidocaine without vasoconstrictors like epinephrine is most commonly used for this technique. Other drugs used are prilocaine, ropivacaine, and chloroprocaine. Bupivacaine is not recommended for this technique due to its high cardiac toxicity.
One of the advantages of...
381
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia01:11

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia

601
Spinal anesthetics are given during lower abdomen and limb surgeries to block sensory and motor neurons. They are administered in the mid to low lumbar regions, primarily acting on the cauda equina's nerve roots. The blockade level depends on the local anesthetic (LA) concentration. Usually, low LA concentrations are sufficient to block sensory fibers, while only high LA concentrations block motor fibers. Other factors like injection volume and speed, the patient's posture, and the drug...
601
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia01:29

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia

427
Epidural anesthetics are administered in the fat-filled epidural space, the outermost part of the spinal canal. This technique is commonly employed for pain management and anesthesia during lower abdomen and pelvis surgeries or labor and delivery.
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...
427
General Anesthesia: Overview01:24

General Anesthesia: Overview

199
Anesthesia is a medical procedure that uses drugs for CNS suppression to enable painless surgeries and procedures. The selection of anesthetics is influenced by their pharmacokinetic properties, side effects, and patient characteristics. Various types of anesthesia include general, local, regional, spinal, and inhalational.
General anesthesia induces unconsciousness in the whole body, while the others target specific areas or sensations. It is administered to minimize adverse effects, maintain...
199
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Surface, Infiltration, and Conduction Block Anesthesia01:30

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Surface, Infiltration, and Conduction Block Anesthesia

999
Depending on the target organ, local anesthetics (LAs) can be administered via various routes. In surface anesthesia, LAs are applied directly to the surface of the skin or mucous membranes. It is widely used for topical skin numbing before venipuncture or minor surgical procedures. Commonly used surface local anesthetics are lidocaine or benzocaine sprays or creams. Surface anesthesia occurs within 5 minutes and lasts for about 60 minutes. One of the main disadvantages of topical anesthesia is...
999
Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Therapeutic Uses01:31

Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Therapeutic Uses

477
Skeletal muscle relaxants are used to relax muscle tone and alleviate painful muscle contractions. However, the choice of skeletal muscle relaxants depends on the duration of the surgical procedure in order to minimize potential side effects. Skeletal muscle relaxants like neuromuscular blocking agents [NMBAs] are commonly employed as adjuvants alongside general anesthetics in clinical settings. NMBAs are also used to maintain controlled ventilation during surgery of the larynx or pharynx...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2025

Deep Neuromuscular Blockade Leads to a Larger Intraabdominal Volume During Laparoscopy
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Do Regional Nerve Blocks During Bimaxillary Surgery Decrease Postoperative Pain and Vomiting Compared With

Yufei Wu1, Bing Liu1, Zemin Xun1

  • 1Attending Physician, State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Department of Anesthesiology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.

Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery : Official Journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
|August 5, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Regional nerve blocks for bimaxillary surgery did not reduce postoperative pain but decreased postoperative vomiting (POV). This opioid-free approach offers a potential benefit for managing nausea after complex facial surgery.

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An Experimental Paradigm for the Prediction of Post-Operative Pain PPOP
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An Experimental Paradigm for the Prediction of Post-Operative Pain PPOP
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An Experimental Paradigm for the Prediction of Post-Operative Pain PPOP

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Area of Science:

  • Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
  • Anesthesiology
  • Pain Management

Background:

  • Opioids are commonly used for postoperative pain management after orthognathic surgery.
  • Opioids can lead to undesirable side effects such as nausea and vomiting.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of regional nerve blocks compared to patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) in reducing postoperative pain and vomiting after bimaxillary surgery.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study of 354 patients undergoing bimaxillary surgery.
  • Comparison of regional maxillary and inferior alveolar nerve blocks versus PCA for postoperative analgesia.
  • Primary outcomes: moderate-to-severe pain and postoperative vomiting (POV) within 24 hours.

Main Results:

  • Regional nerve blocks did not significantly decrease moderate-to-severe postoperative pain (7.6% vs 10.9%, P=0.48).
  • Regional nerve blocks were associated with a significant reduction in postoperative vomiting (38.5% vs 65.2%, P=0.001).

Conclusions:

  • Regional nerve blocks, as an opioid-free analgesia strategy, are not associated with reduced postoperative pain after bimaxillary surgery.
  • Regional nerve blocks significantly lower the risk of postoperative vomiting following bimaxillary surgery.