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    Area of Science:

    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • Public Health

    Background:

    • Mental health in lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) individuals is influenced by community connectedness, outness, and internalized phobia.
    • These factors have often been studied in isolation and for the LGBTQ community as a whole, potentially masking subgroup-specific effects.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To examine the associations between mental health (depression and anxiety) and risk/protective factors (internalized phobia, community connectedness, outness) within specific LGBTQ subgroups.
    • To determine if the impact of these factors on mental health varies across different LGBTQ identities.

    Main Methods:

    • A large national U.S. sample (N=1,030) of LGBTQ individuals completed an anonymous online survey.
    • Participants responded to questionnaires assessing community connectedness, outness, internalized homophobia/transphobia, anxiety, and depression.

    Main Results:

    • Most LGBTQ subgroups reported depression and anxiety symptoms exceeding clinical cutoffs.
    • Lower levels of outness and higher internalized phobia correlated with increased depression and anxiety.
    • Greater community connectedness was generally linked to more severe anxiety and depression symptoms, with variations across subgroups.

    Conclusions:

    • Risk and protective factors have differential associations with mental health outcomes across LGBTQ subgroups.
    • Findings underscore the necessity of analyzing LGBTQ subgroups separately and considering multiple factors simultaneously to understand unique contributions.
    • Further research is needed to elucidate specific LGBTQ mental health risks and protective factors within distinct subgroups.