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Brain Imaging

Brain Imaging

Brain imaging technologies provide critical insights into both the structure and function of the human brain, enabling medical professionals and researchers to diagnose, study, and treat neurological disorders or psychiatric disorders more effectively.
These technologies include computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT scans), positron-emission tomography (PET scans), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and Transcranial Magnetic...

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Summary

Differences in functional magnetic resonance imaging preprocessing pipelines limit reproducibility. Even with identical data, variations in these pipelines reduce the consistency of findings in brain-wide association studies.

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Area of Science:

Neuroimaging
Neuroscience
Medical Imaging

Background:

Reproducibility in science is challenged by a lack of standardized methods.
Functional neuroimaging lacks consensus on ground truths and processing pipelines.
This variability hinders cross-study comparisons and reliable scientific conclusions.

Purpose of the Study:

To critically evaluate the impact of variations across different functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) preprocessing pipelines.
To assess how pipeline differences affect inter-rater reliability and the consistency of research findings.
To identify factors limiting reproducibility in fMRI studies.

Main Methods:

Comparison of five independently developed minimal preprocessing pipelines for fMRI data.
Analysis of identical datasets processed through each distinct pipeline.
Evaluation of inter-pipeline agreement and its impact on subsequent analyses.

Main Results:

Moderate inter-pipeline agreement was observed even when processing identical fMRI data.
Low inter-pipeline agreement can mask underlying data reliability issues.
Compromised inter-pipeline agreement significantly impacts the consistency of brain-wide association study (BWAS) results.

Conclusions:

Variations in fMRI preprocessing pipelines are a critical factor limiting cross-study reproducibility.
The choice of analytic configurations, including common and overlooked decisions, can lead to substantial differences in fMRI results.
Standardized evaluation of analytic pipelines is crucial for enhancing the reliability and consistency of neuroimaging research.