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PET/CT Targeted Tissue Sampling Reveals Intravenously Administered HGN194 IgG1 Affects HIV Distribution after Rectal

Roslyn A Taylor1, Sixia Xiao1, Ann M Carias1

  • 1Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses
|August 6, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Intravenously administered IgG1 antibodies did not prevent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) from penetrating colorectal tissue. However, IgG1 may reduce HIV access to the lymphatic system, potentially aiding HIV prevention strategies.

Keywords:
HIV transmissionantibodiesmucosal barriersmucosal immunology

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Neutralizing monoclonal antibodies are promising for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention.
  • Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is a suitable candidate for HIV therapeutics due to its abundance, long half-life, and effector functions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of intravenously instilled IgG1 on viral interaction with mucosal barriers and penetration in colorectal tissue following rectal HIV challenge.
  • To assess the impact of IgG1 on viral particle distribution in the colon and mesenteric lymph nodes.

Main Methods:

  • Combined Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging and fluorescent microscopy.
  • Utilized 64Cu-labeled, photoactivatable-green fluorescent protein HIV (PA-GFP-BaL) and fluorescently labeled HGN194 IgG1.
  • Analyzed colorectal tissue and mesenteric lymph nodes 2 hours after rectal viral challenge.

Main Results:

  • IgG1 did not alter the number of HIV virions in the rectum or descending colon.
  • A minor increase in virions was observed in the transverse colon of IgG1-treated animals.
  • IgG1 administration significantly reduced the number of HIV virions in mesenteric lymph nodes, despite low overall viral particle counts.

Conclusions:

  • HGN194 IgG1 does not prevent HIV virions from penetrating the colorectal mucosa.
  • IgG1 may impede HIV virion access to the lymphatic system, suggesting a potential role in HIV prevention by altering viral dissemination pathways.