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Related Concept Videos

Quality of Water01:19

Quality of Water

In concrete preparation, the quality of water is paramount as it affects the strength and durability of the concrete. Potable water is usually preferred; however, it must not have excessive sodium or potassium to prevent compromising the concrete's integrity. Water quality is typically evaluated based on impurities such as dissolved solids, chlorides, and sulfates, and its pH value is ideally between 6 and 8. Even slightly acidic natural water may be acceptable unless it contains harmful...
Testing Water Quality01:14

Testing Water Quality

When the quality of water for concrete preparation is uncertain, its impact on the setting time of cement and compressive strength of mortar is assessed by comparison with de-ionized or distilled water benchmarks. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) C1602 requires the setting times to be within 90 minutes of the control, British Standard (BS) 3146:1980 allows a 30-minute variance in the initial setting, while British Standards European Norm (BS EN) 1008 specifies initial setting...

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Improving Private Well Testing Programs: Experimental Evidence from Iowa.

Gabriel E Lade1,2, Jacqueline Comito3, Jamie Benning3

  • 1Macalester College, 1600 Grand Avenue, Saint Paul, Minnesota 55105, United States.

Environmental Science & Technology
|August 6, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Many private well households in Iowa don't test their water frequently, risking pollution exposure. A tested intervention increased water testing but had minor effects on other behaviors, though it proved cost-effective.

Keywords:
Drinking waterbehavioral interventionsnitrate exposurewater quality testing

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Public Health
  • Water Quality

Background:

  • Millions of US households depend on private wells for drinking water.
  • Inadequate testing and treatment of private well water may lead to widespread pollution exposure.
  • Understanding household behaviors regarding private well water is crucial for public health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize drinking water behaviors and perceptions of Iowa's private well households.
  • To assess the impact of nitrate test strips and a free testing program on household behaviors and perceptions through a randomized control trial.
  • To evaluate the cost-effectiveness and welfare implications of the intervention.

Main Methods:

  • A large-scale survey of private well households in Iowa was conducted.
  • A randomized control trial (RCT) was employed to test the intervention's effectiveness.
  • Intervention included nitrate test strips and information on a free water quality testing program.

Main Results:

  • Few households adhered to recommended water testing frequencies.
  • Approximately 40% of households exhibited risky behaviors (not testing, treating, or avoiding water).
  • The intervention significantly increased water testing rates, including high-quality follow-up tests, but had limited impact on other behaviors and perceptions.

Conclusions:

  • Private well water testing and treatment behaviors in Iowa are suboptimal.
  • The tested intervention effectively promoted water testing and was welfare-enhancing.
  • Further strategies may be needed to address broader behavioral and perceptual issues related to private well water safety.