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Related Concept Videos

Lytic Cycle of Bacteriophages01:30

Lytic Cycle of Bacteriophages

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Bacteriophages, also known as phages, are specialized viruses that infect bacteria. A key characteristic of phages is their distinctive “head-tail” morphology. A phage begins the infection process (i.e., lytic cycle) by attaching to the outside of a bacterial cell. Attachment is accomplished via proteins in the phage tail that bind to specific receptor proteins on the outer surface of the bacterium. The tail injects the phage’s DNA genome into the bacterial cytoplasm. In the...
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In contrast to the lytic cycle, phages infecting bacteria via the lysogenic cycle do not immediately kill their host cell. Instead, they combine their genome with the host genome, allowing the bacteria to replicate the phage DNA along with the bacterial genome. The incorporated copy of the phage genome is called the prophage. Some prophages can re-activate and enter the lytic cycle. This often occurs in response to a perturbation, such as DNA damage, but can also transpire in the absence of...
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Bacterial Flora of the Large Intestine01:29

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The gut microbiome is formed by a vast and diverse community of bacteria that colonizes our large intestine. These bacteria start residing in the gut from birth and continue diversifying throughout life, influenced by factors such as diet, lifestyle, and stress. The gut bacterial community also includes bacteria from food and those that enter the colon through the anus.
The normal gut flora of the colon plays a critical role in generating essential vitamins such as vitamins K, B5, and B7.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2025

Author Spotlight: Investigating Bacteriophage-Induced Immune Responses in Gnotobiotic Mice
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Phage lysins for intestinal microbiome modulation: current challenges and enabling techniques.

Iris Pottie1,2, Roberto Vázquez Fernández1,3, Tom Van de Wiele2

  • 1Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium.

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|August 6, 2024
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Summary

Phage lysins, specific antibacterial enzymes, show promise for microbiome modulation. This review examines their potential and challenges for altering gut microbes, focusing on specificity, safety assessment, and delivery methods.

Keywords:
Phage lysinantibioticdysbiosisendolysinmicrobiome modulation

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Biotechnology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in human health.
  • Microbiome modulation offers a targeted approach to alter microbial composition.
  • Phage lysins are emerging as specific antimicrobial agents.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the potential of phage lysins as microbiome modulators.
  • To identify opportunities and challenges in using lysins for gut health.
  • To discuss strategies for lysin development and delivery.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on phage lysins and microbiome modulation.
  • Analysis of lysin specificity and potential for protein engineering.
  • Discussion of methods for assessing microbiome-friendliness.
  • Exploration of delivery vehicles for intestinal application.

Main Results:

  • Lysins exhibit high specificity, making them potentially microbiome-friendly.
  • Protein engineering and targeted delivery can enhance lysin specificity.
  • Challenges exist in assessing lysin safety and efficacy within the microbiome.
  • Various delivery methods, including particle-based and probiotic vehicles, are being explored.

Conclusions:

  • Phage lysins offer a promising avenue for microbiome modulation.
  • Overcoming challenges in specificity, safety assessment, and delivery is key.
  • Further research can expand the application of lysins in gut health and beyond.