Inflammation-related miRNAs in obesity, CVD, and NAFLD

Obesity, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) pose significant worldwide health challenges, characterized by complex interplay among inflammatory pathways that underlie their development. In this review, we examine the contribution of inflammation and associated signaling molecules to the pathogenesis of these conditions, while also emphasizing the significant participation of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in modulating inflammatory pathways. In the context of obesity, aberrant expression patterns of inflammatory-associated miRNAs play a contributory role in adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance, thereby exacerbating disturbances in metabolic homeostasis. Similarly, in CVD, dysregulated miRNA expression alters inflammatory reactions, disrupts endothelial function, and induces cardiac remodeling, thereby impacting the advancement of the disease. Moreover, in the context of NAFLD, inflammatory-associated miRNAs are implicated in mediating hepatic inflammation, lipid deposition, and fibrosis, underscoring their candidacy as promising therapeutic targets. Additionally, the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network has emerged as a novel regulatory mechanism in the etiology of CVD, obesity, and NAFLD, wherein ncRNAs assume pivotal roles in facilitating communication across diverse molecular pathways. Moreover, in the concluding section, we underscored the potential efficacy of directing interventions towards inflammatory-related miRNAs utilizing herbal remedies and therapies based on exosome delivery systems as a promising strategy for ameliorating pathologies associated with inflammation in obesity, CVD, and NAFLD.