Trade networks and corporate ESG performance: Evidence from Chinese resource-based enterprises

Trade network connects enterprises together, while its impact on corporate ESG performance is unknown. Drawing on unbalanced panel data of resource-based enterprises in China from 2009 to 2021, this study decomposes the trade network into purchasing network and sales network based on trade directions, and explores their impact on corporate ESG performance and the mechanisms involved. The findings indicate that: (1) The trade networks exhibit a negative correlation with corporate ESG performance. Meanwhile, purchasing network demonstrates a more pronounced adverse impact on corporate ESG than sales network. After a series of endogeneity tests, the above results still hold. (2) Heterogeneity analysis shows that trade networks have a more significant effect on the ESG performance of state-owned enterprises, mature enterprises and heavily polluting enterprises. And the most pronounced negative effect is observed in the governance (G) component of ESG. (3) Mechanism analysis reveals that trade networks negatively influence corporate ESG performance by impeding the progress of green innovation and internal control. (4) Accelerating digital transformation and intensifying government environmental regulations can mitigate the inhibitory impact of trade networks on corporate ESG performance. This study provides theoretical support and empirical evidence for resource-based enterprises to enhance ESG performance while reinforcing trade linkages.