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Neuroscience: A bottom-up mechanism for cognitive control?

Thomas A Stalnaker1

  • 1Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.

Current Biology : CB
|August 6, 2024
PubMed
Summary

A new study reveals a bottom-up pathway for cognitive control. Subcortical regions may disinhibit the orbitofrontal cortex, offering a novel perspective on brain regulation.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Cognitive control is typically viewed as a top-down process.
  • Prefrontal cortex (PFC) is considered the primary driver of cognitive control.
  • Existing models emphasize PFC's role in regulating other brain regions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate potential bottom-up mechanisms of cognitive control.
  • To explore the role of subcortical regions in modulating prefrontal cortex function.
  • To challenge the traditional top-down model of cognitive control.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized neuroimaging techniques to observe brain activity.
  • Employed tasks designed to probe cognitive control processes.
  • Analyzed functional connectivity between subcortical and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC).

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Main Results:

  • Identified a novel pathway for cognitive control originating from subcortical areas.
  • Demonstrated that subcortical regions can disinhibit the orbitofrontal cortex.
  • Evidence suggests a bottom-up influence on cognitive control mechanisms.

Conclusions:

  • Cognitive control may involve both top-down and bottom-up processes.
  • Subcortical-to-OFC pathways offer a new target for understanding cognitive regulation.
  • Findings necessitate a revision of current models of cognitive control.