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Related Concept Videos

Quarrying of Stone01:15

Quarrying of Stone

Quarrying is the process of extracting stone from a quarry, where specialized techniques are employed to remove large blocks of stone safely and efficiently. This process can involve controlled explosions or more precision-oriented methods such as cutting and drilling.
One common method involves using a diamond belt saw to cut large blocks from the quarry face. These blocks can be about 50 feet long and 12 feet high. After the initial vertical cut, drilling is performed at the base of the block.
Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction01:28

Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction

Renal calculi, or kidney stones, are solid deposits of minerals and salts formed inside the kidneys. In medical terminology, "calculus" refers to the stone itself, while "lithiasis" describes the process of stone formation. Depending on their location within the urinary system, these stones may be classified as either urolithiasis, when situated within the urinary tract, or nephrolithiasis, when located within the kidneys. Each term signifies the specific impact of the stone.Predisposition...
Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:26

Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

Renal calculi, commonly termed kidney stones, are crystalline solid masses that form in the kidneys but can occur at any point within the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.The pathophysiology of renal stones involves several key factors: supersaturation of the urine with stone-forming constituents, changes in urine pH, a decrease in urine volume, and the presence of substances that promote or inhibit stone formation.Supersaturation of Urine: This is the...
Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management01:30

Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management

The diagnosis of renal calculi involves several imaging techniques, including non-contrast CT scans and ultrasound. These methods help visualize kidney stones, assess their size and location, and detect possible obstructions. Additionally, Measuring urine pH is useful for diagnosing specific stone types, such as struvite (alkaline pH) and uric acid stones (acidic pH). Cystine stones are primarily linked to cystinuria, a genetic condition. A urinalysis helps detect blood in the urine (hematuria)...
Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management01:25

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management

Procedures for Kidney StonesMedical intervention is necessary when kidney stones or renal calculi are too large to pass spontaneously (typically greater than 5 millimeters) when stones are accompanied by symptomatic infection (such as fever or pyelonephritis), when they impair kidney function, or when they cause persistent symptoms like severe pain, nausea, or urinary retention. Additionally, patients with only one kidney or those who cannot be treated with medical management also require...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

An Air-liquid Interface Bronchial Epithelial Model for Realistic, Repeated Inhalation Exposure to Airborne Particles for Toxicity Testing
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Artificial stone silicosis: a UK case series.

Johanna Feary1,2, Anand Devaraj3,4, Matthew Burton5

  • 1National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK j.feary@imperial.ac.uk.

Thorax
|August 6, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Artificial stone (AS) silicosis is a growing global health concern. This report details eight UK cases, highlighting the urgent need for safety regulations and early detection of this occupational lung disease.

Keywords:
Interstitial FibrosisOccupational Lung DiseaseSarcoidosis

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Area of Science:

  • Occupational Medicine
  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Silicosis due to artificial stone (AS) has become a significant global health issue in the past decade.
  • The increasing use of AS in construction and design contributes to rising occupational exposures.
  • Early recognition and intervention are crucial for managing AS-related lung disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report the initial cases of silicosis linked to artificial stone exposure in the United Kingdom.
  • To characterize the demographic, exposure, and clinical profiles of these patients.
  • To emphasize the need for regulatory action and improved safety protocols.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective case series analysis of eight patients diagnosed with silicosis.
  • Review of clinical presentations, occupational histories, and exposure durations.
  • Assessment of disease severity and patient outcomes, including need for lung transplant.

Main Results:

  • Eight male patients presented with silicosis, with a median age of 34 years.
  • Median exposure to AS dust was 12.5 years, with four cases having 4-8 years of exposure.
  • All cases involved dry cutting/polishing of AS worktops with insufficient safety measures; one patient died, and two required transplant evaluation.

Conclusions:

  • Artificial stone silicosis is an emerging occupational hazard in the UK, affecting younger individuals with relatively short exposure durations.
  • Clinical presentation can mimic other granulomatous lung diseases like sarcoidosis, necessitating high clinical suspicion.
  • Urgent implementation of stricter safety regulations and proactive case identification strategies are imperative to mitigate this public health threat.