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Bioplastics derived from microbial processes present a sustainable alternative to conventional petroleum-based plastics. Among these, polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), particularly polyhydroxybutyrates (PHBs), have emerged as prominent candidates due to their biodegradability and biocompatibility. These polymers are synthesized by a variety of bacteria, such as Cupriavidus necator and Pseudomonas putida, which naturally accumulate PHAs as intracellular carbon and energy reserves, especially under...
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Phthalate migration potential in vacuum-packed fish.

Gonca Alak1, Mine Köktürk2, Muhammed Atamanalp3

  • 1Department of Seafood Processing Technology, Faculty of Fisheries, Ataturk University, Erzurum, TR-25030, Turkey. galak@atauni.edu.tr.

Environmental Science and Pollution Research International
|August 6, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Phthalate esters (PAEs) can migrate from vacuum packaging into fish. Storage time and fish species influence which phthalates, like DEHP and DBP, become dominant, posing potential risks.

Keywords:
AnchoviesPelagic fishPhthalate esterSea bassVacuum packingµ-Raman

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Area of Science:

  • Food safety and toxicology
  • Polymer science
  • Analytical chemistry

Background:

  • Phthalate esters (PAEs) are a toxic concern due to migration from packaging to food.
  • Understanding PAE migration in seafood is crucial for consumer safety.
  • Vacuum packaging is a common method for preserving pelagic fish.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To monitor phthalate migration into pelagic fish (sea bass and anchovy) stored in vacuum packaging.
  • To investigate the influence of storage time on phthalate migration.
  • To identify polymer types in the packaging material and their changes.

Main Methods:

  • Sea bass and anchovy were vacuum-packaged and stored for 90 days.
  • Phthalate content in fish muscle and packaging was analyzed using GC/MS.
  • Packaging material was analyzed using µ-Raman and FTIR spectroscopy.

Main Results:

  • No microplastics were detected in fish meat.
  • Nylon was identified in the original packaging material.
  • Packaging polymer composition changed with storage time and temperature.
  • Dominant phthalates shifted from DPENP/DEHP to DBP (anchovy) and DPENP (sea bass) over time.

Conclusions:

  • Phthalate migration into pelagic fish occurs during vacuum storage.
  • Migration levels and dominant phthalate types vary by fish species and storage duration.
  • Packaging material composition is affected by storage, potentially influencing migration.