Primary Pulmonary Angiosarcoma Found Incidentally in a Complicated Patient: A Rare Case Report

Primary pulmonary angiosarcoma (PPA) is a highly aggressive and rare malignancy originating from the endothelial cells of blood vessels in the lungs. PPA is an extremely rare subtype, with less than 30 cases reported to date. PPA is not only challenging to diagnose but also has a poor prognosis, often resulting in a high mortality rate within a year of diagnosis, regardless of the treatment approach.

We present the case of a 33-year-old woman with no significant past medical history who presented with abdominal pain and was incidentally found to have a right hilar mass with pleural effusion and empyema. After undergoing surgery for a perforated gastric ulcer, her pulmonary lesions were further worked up. Despite an extensive diagnostic evaluation, including imaging, bronchoscopy, and thoracotomy, establishing a diagnosis was challenging. Ultimately, PPA was diagnosed on surgical lung biopsy, and the patient was started on pazopanib and paclitaxel chemotherapy but expired after 1 month due to multiple complications.

This case highlights the difficulty in diagnosing this rare tumor and its poor prognosis regardless of therapy. Greater awareness of PPA and more research are needed to improve early detection and treatment options for this deadly disease.