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Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome, not so Uncommon in Pediatric Patients with Renal Involvement: A Case

Ana-Maria Roxana Koller1, Alexandra Man1, Carmen Muntean2

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, County Emergency Clinical Hospital Targu Mures, Romania.

Journal of Critical Care Medicine (Universitatea De Medicina Si Farmacie Din Targu-Mures)
|August 7, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) in children can be linked to kidney disease. Prompt treatment of blood pressure and seizures is crucial for recovery and preventing severe complications.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Nephrology
  • Neurology
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a neurological condition often seen in cancer patients and linked to kidney disease.
  • Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis is a common cause of hypertension in children and can precipitate PRES.
  • Early recognition and management of PRES are vital to avert severe, irreversible complications.

Observation:

  • Two pediatric cases of PRES associated with acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis are presented.
  • Patients, aged 10 and 15, exhibited symptoms including headaches, visual disturbances, hypertension, and seizures.
  • Cerebral MRI confirmed PRES lesions in both patients.

Findings:

  • Both patients were diagnosed with PRES secondary to acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis.
  • Treatment involved antihypertensive and anticonvulsant medications.
  • Patients demonstrated clinical improvement following targeted treatment.

Implications:

  • This case series highlights the importance of considering PRES in pediatric patients with hypertension and neurological symptoms, especially when renal disease is present.
  • Early diagnosis and management of the underlying glomerulonephritis and PRES symptoms can lead to favorable outcomes.
  • Further research into the specific mechanisms linking post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis and PRES in children may improve preventative strategies.
Abstract

Keywords:
childrenclinico-radiological findingsposterior reversible encephalopathy syndromerenal involvement

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