Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Aromatic Hydrocarbon Cations: Structural Overview01:18

Aromatic Hydrocarbon Cations: Structural Overview

2.8K
Cycloheptatriene is a neutral monocyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon that consists of an odd number of carbon atoms and an intervening sp3 carbon in the ring. The three double bonds in the ring correspond to 6 π electrons, which is a Huckel number, and therefore satisfies the criteria of 4n + 2 π electrons. However, the intervening sp3 carbon disrupts the continuous overlap of p orbitals. As a result, cycloheptatriene is not aromatic.
Removing one hydrogen from the intervening CH2 group...
2.8K
Frost Circles for Different Conjugated Systems01:18

Frost Circles for Different Conjugated Systems

2.7K
The inscribed polygon method is consistent with Hückel’s 4n + 2 rule and helps to learn whether the given cyclic compound is aromatic or not. The compound is stable and aromatic if every bonding molecular orbital (MO) is completely filled with a pair of electrons. However, if the non-bonding or antibonding orbitals are filled with electrons, the compound is unstable and not aromatic. Consider the Frost circle diagrams for cycloalkenes containing 4 to 8 carbons.
2.7K
Aromatic Hydrocarbon Anions: Structural Overview01:18

Aromatic Hydrocarbon Anions: Structural Overview

2.7K
Neutral hydrocarbons like cyclopentadiene with an odd number of carbon atoms and one intervening CH2 group in the ring are not aromatic. Cyclopentadiene with 4 π electrons does not satisfy the 4n + 2 π electron rule. Additionally, the intervening CH2 group is sp3 hybridized and lacks a vacant p orbital, thereby interrupting the overlap of p orbitals in a continuous manner and preventing the delocalization of π electrons throughout the ring.
Due to the absence of continuous...
2.7K
Conformations of Cyclohexane02:11

Conformations of Cyclohexane

12.3K
Cyclohexane does not exist in a planar form due to the high angle and torsional strain it would experience in the planar structure. Instead, it adopts non-planar chair and boat conformations.
The chair form is the most stable and derives its name from its resemblance to the “easy chair.” In the chair conformation, two carbon atoms are arranged out-of-plane — one above and one below, minimizing the torsional strain. In the chair form, the bond angle is very close to the ideal...
12.3K
Chair Conformation of Cyclohexane02:02

Chair Conformation of Cyclohexane

14.5K
The chair conformation is the most stable form of cyclohexane due to the absence of angle and torsional strain. The absence of angle strain is a result of cyclohexane’s bond angle being very close to the ideal tetrahedral bond angle of 109.5° in its chair conformer. Similarly, the torsional strain is also absent owing to the perfectly staggered arrangement of bonds.
The hydrogen atoms linked to carbons are arranged in two different axial and equatorial orientations to achieve this...
14.5K
Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)

1.1K
Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the...
1.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Serum <sup>1</sup>H NMR-Based Untargeted Metabolomics for Noninvasive Early Detection of Breast Cancer.

Journal of proteome research·2026
Same author

A method to synthesize analytical rhodoquinone standards for quantitative analysis in tissue specimen.

Journal of lipid research·2026
Same author

Amide-functionalized cholic acid hybrids: design, bioactivity, and computational analysis.

RSC advances·2026
Same author

Eco-friendly reduced graphene oxide@potash alum-based composite membranes for efficient separation of dyes and selective removal of contaminants from wastewater.

RSC advances·2026
Same author

Seronegative Autoimmune Encephalitis Presenting With Severe Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in an Older Adult: A Case of Diagnostic Complexity.

Case reports in psychiatry·2026
Same author

Prediction of physicochemical properties of organic compounds using degree-based topological indices and machine learning models.

Scientific reports·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2025

Construction and Systematical Symmetric Studies of a Series of Supramolecular Clusters with Binary or Ternary Ammonium Triphenylacetates
06:35

Construction and Systematical Symmetric Studies of a Series of Supramolecular Clusters with Binary or Ternary Ammonium Triphenylacetates

Published on: February 15, 2016

8.1K

On tricyclic graphs with maximum atom-bond sum-connectivity index.

Sadia Noureen1, Rimsha Batool1, Abeer M Albalahi2

  • 1Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan.

Heliyon
|August 7, 2024
PubMed
Summary

This study investigates the atom-bond sum-connectivity (ABS) index in connected tricyclic graphs. Researchers identified graphs with the maximum ABS index, expanding on previous work that focused on minimum values.

Keywords:
05C0705C0905C90Atom-bond sum-connectivity indexExtremal graph theoryTopological indexTricyclic graphs

More Related Videos

Bioinformatics Resources for the Study of Glycan-Mediated Protein Interactions
11:21

Bioinformatics Resources for the Study of Glycan-Mediated Protein Interactions

Published on: January 20, 2022

3.3K
Interactive Molecular Model Assembly with 3D Printing
06:15

Interactive Molecular Model Assembly with 3D Printing

Published on: August 13, 2020

9.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 17, 2025

Construction and Systematical Symmetric Studies of a Series of Supramolecular Clusters with Binary or Ternary Ammonium Triphenylacetates
06:35

Construction and Systematical Symmetric Studies of a Series of Supramolecular Clusters with Binary or Ternary Ammonium Triphenylacetates

Published on: February 15, 2016

8.1K
Bioinformatics Resources for the Study of Glycan-Mediated Protein Interactions
11:21

Bioinformatics Resources for the Study of Glycan-Mediated Protein Interactions

Published on: January 20, 2022

3.3K
Interactive Molecular Model Assembly with 3D Printing
06:15

Interactive Molecular Model Assembly with 3D Printing

Published on: August 13, 2020

9.9K

Area of Science:

  • Chemical Graph Theory
  • Mathematical Chemistry
  • Network Analysis

Background:

  • Topological indices like sum-connectivity, Randić, and atom-bond connectivity are crucial in analyzing molecular structures based on vertex degrees.
  • The atom-bond sum-connectivity (ABS) index is a recently developed variant of these established topological indices.
  • Prior research (Zuo et al., 2024) determined graphs with the minimum ABS index for connected tricyclic graphs with maximum degree up to 4.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the connected tricyclic graphs that exhibit the maximum possible value of the atom-bond sum-connectivity (ABS) index.
  • To extend the understanding of extremal graph properties related to the ABS index within a specific class of graphs.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of connected tricyclic graphs of order n.
  • Focus on characterizing graphs with extremal (maximum) ABS index values.
  • Building upon existing graph theory principles and recent findings on minimum ABS index.

Main Results:

  • Identification of specific structures of connected tricyclic graphs that yield the highest ABS index.
  • Characterization of the extremal graphs concerning the atom-bond sum-connectivity index.

Conclusions:

  • The study successfully characterizes connected tricyclic graphs with the maximum ABS index.
  • This research contributes to the field of chemical graph theory by providing insights into extremal topological indices.