Estimation of urinary volume through ultrasonography in dog cadavers and experimental models

Area of Science:

• Veterinary Medicine
• Diagnostic Imaging
• Urology

Background:

• Urinary volume and residual urine volume are clinically significant for hospitalized dogs and cats.
• Accurate estimation of urinary bladder volume is crucial for effective patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate mathematical formulas for estimating urinary volume in dogs and experimental models.
• To assess the accuracy and reliability of 2D ultrasound-assisted volumetric calculations.

Main Methods:

• Nine male dog cadavers and twelve experimental models were used.
• Three mathematical formulas were applied to estimate urinary bladder volumes (small, medium, large).
• Measurements were taken by two ultrasonographers and one non-ultrasonographer using 2D ultrasound images.

Main Results:

• All three formulas demonstrated higher accuracy for smaller urinary volumes.
• The overall error in volume estimation was less than 10% across all models and examiners.
• Examiner experience (ultrasonographer vs. non-ultrasonographer) showed minimal impact on estimation accuracy.

Conclusions:

• Estimating urinary bladder volume via mathematical formulas and 2D ultrasound is accurate and reliable.
• This method offers a viable and accessible alternative for urinary tract evaluation in veterinary practice.