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Evidence-based scientific thinking and decision-making in everyday life.

Caitlin Dawson1, Hanna Julku2, Milla Pihlajamäki2

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Curiosity, cognitive skills, and positive science attitudes influence how adults evaluate scientific evidence. Social authority often outweighs source quality in credibility judgments, impacting evidence-based decision-making.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Science Communication
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Effective decision-making in the knowledge economy requires high-quality evidence.
  • Engaging with scientific information involves reasoning, cognitive styles, attitudes, and motivations.
  • Understanding individual differences in evidence-based decision-making is crucial for everyday science engagement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify key individual factors influencing adults' engagement with scientific information.
  • To investigate the relationship between these factors and behaviors in real-world decision-making tasks.
  • To understand how adults discern the credibility of scientific sources.

Main Methods:

  • A data-driven exploratory approach identified four latent factors: curiosity/positive science attitudes, prosociality, cognitive skills, and openmindedness.
  • Participants engaged in a naturalistic decision-making task involving evaluating online articles on a science-related petition.
  • Article quality varied, and participants decided how to vote based on their evaluation.

Main Results:

  • Curiosity, positive science attitudes, cognitive flexibility, prosociality, and emotional states predicted information engagement and evidence reliability discernment.
  • Social authority emerged as a significant cue for source credibility, often overriding actual source quality and relevance.
  • Individual motivations (e.g., curiosity) and social factors (e.g., social authority) significantly drive credibility judgments.

Conclusions:

  • Individual differences in attitudes and cognitive skills are vital for processing scientific information.
  • Social cues, particularly social authority, play a substantial role in how scientific information credibility is perceived.
  • Future research should consider both individual and social factors in understanding evidence-based decision-making.