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Three-Dimensional Printing of a Complex Aortic Anomaly
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Metamaterial design for aortic aneurysm simulation using 3D printing.

Arthur K F Sakai1, Ismar N Cestari2, Eraldo de Sales2

  • 1Electrical Engineering Graduate Program, Telecommunications and Control Engineering Department, Polytechnic School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.

3D Printing in Medicine
|August 7, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Three-dimensional (3D) printed models using polymers and metamaterials show mechanical properties similar to aortic tissue. Lattice reinforcement in 3D printed materials can tune biomechanical responses for potential use in simulating aortic conditions.

Keywords:
3D printingAortic aneurysmBiomechanicsMetamaterials

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Three-dimensional (3D) printing is increasingly used for anatomic models in research and clinical decision-making.
  • Investigating polymers and metamaterials to mimic aortic vessel wall biomechanics is crucial for advanced medical modeling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the mechanical properties of 3D printed polymers and metamaterials for mimicking aortic biomechanics.
  • To compare the mechanical characteristics of these printed materials with healthy and aneurysmal aortas.

Main Methods:

  • Uniaxial tensile tests were conducted on 3D printed samples using rigid (Vero™) and flexible (Agilus30™) polymers.
  • Metamaterials were engineered with lattice reinforcements (chain, knitted, origami, diamond crystal patterns) to tune mechanical properties.
  • Mechanical properties were compared against published data for aortic tissues.

Main Results:

  • Lattice reinforcement increased material rigidity and maximum stress generation in 3D printed samples.
  • The strain at maximum stress was influenced by lattice pattern, material type, and base material.
  • Printed samples exhibited maximum stress from 0.39 ± 0.01 MPa to 0.88 ± 0.02 MPa and strain at maximum stress from 70.44 ± 0.86% to 158.21 ± 8.99%.

Conclusions:

  • The maximum stresses of the 3D printed models closely matched reported values for aortic tissue.
  • While not perfectly replicating biological tissue, the models demonstrate potential for simulating aortic biomechanics, including abdominal aortic aneurysms.