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Social sanctions in response to injunctive norm violations
Benjamin D Douglas1, Kendall Holley1, Naomi Isenberg2
1Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1202 W. Johnson St., Madison, WI 53706, USA.
Social sanctions punish norm violations. Bystander traits like extraversion and situational factors influence sanctioning, impacting social order.
Area of Science:
- Social Psychology
- Sociology
Background:
- Injunctive social norms dictate expected behavior.
- Transgressions lead to social sanctions, ranging from disapproval to ostracism.
Purpose of the Study:
- Review stable and situational factors influencing bystander sanctions for norm violations.
- Discuss costs and applications of social sanctions.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of research on social sanctions and norm enforcement.
Main Results:
- Bystander characteristics (extraversion, altruism, cultural background) affect sanctioning.
- Situational factors (norm relevance, social hierarchy, group presence, relationship) influence sanction enactment.
- Bystanders incur costs when enacting sanctions.
Conclusions:
- Social sanctions are a key mechanism for enforcing injunctive social norms.
- Understanding sanctioning factors is crucial for promoting pro-social behavior.
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