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The Use of Directed Ablative Techniques for Autonomously Functioning Thyroid Nodules: A Statement from the North American Society for Interventional Thyroidology.

Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists·2026
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Advancements and Insights in Thyroid Health.

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Thyroid Function and Cognitive Decline: A Narrative Review.

Sophia Hemmrich Sinha1, Kahli Zietlow2, Maria Papaleontiou3

  • 1Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.

Endocrine Practice : Official Journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists
|August 7, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Thyroid function in older adults shows no clear link to cognitive decline or dementia. More research is needed to understand potential associations and the effects of treating thyroid dysfunction on cognition.

Keywords:
cognitiondementiaolder adultsthyroid hormone

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Endocrinology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Cognitive decline and dementia are significant concerns in the aging US population.
  • Identifying modifiable risk factors is crucial for public health.
  • Thyroid function is a potential, yet unclear, contributor to cognitive health in older adults.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the existing literature on the association between thyroid function (euthyroid range, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism) and cognitive outcomes in older adults.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature search was performed on PubMed and Ovid/Medline.
  • Included studies published in English from January 2000 to December 2023.
  • Study types encompassed randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and observational studies.

Main Results:

  • Conflicting results exist regarding the relationship between thyroid function and cognitive outcomes/dementia.
  • Higher thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) within the reference range may correlate with a lower risk of dementia, potentially more in women.
  • Low TSH and prolonged hyperthyroidism may be associated with increased dementia risk, while evidence for hypothyroidism is inconsistent.

Conclusions:

  • No conclusive evidence supports a direct link between hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism and cognitive decline.
  • Heterogeneity in study designs, measurements, and cognitive assessments limits current findings.
  • Future research should clarify potential associations and the impact of treating thyroid dysfunction on cognitive impairment.