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Dyslipidemia and the Current State of Cardiovascular Disease: Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Effect of Lipid

Liam R Brunham1, Eva Lonn2, Shamir R Mehta3

  • 1Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Healthy Heart Program Prevention Clinic, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.

The Canadian Journal of Cardiology
|August 7, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is a major global health concern, particularly in Canada. Effective prevention strategies targeting risk factors like dyslipidemia are crucial for reducing ASCVD burden.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Ischemic heart disease and stroke are leading global causes of mortality.
  • Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) represents a significant public health challenge, ranking second to cancer deaths in Canada.
  • Disease burden exhibits notable variations based on sex, geography, and socioeconomic status.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current burden, epidemiology, and risk factors of ASCVD, with a focus on Canada.
  • To discuss the universal applicability of epidemiological trends and risk factor management, particularly lipid lowering therapies.
  • To highlight emerging risk factors and advanced tools like polygenic risk scores for early identification and prevention.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of ASCVD burden, epidemiology, and risk factors.
  • Analysis of epidemiological trends, with emphasis on Canadian data and global relevance.
  • Discussion of established and emerging risk factors, including dyslipidemia and polygenic risk scores.

Main Results:

  • ASCVD is a leading cause of death globally and in Canada.
  • Significant disparities in ASCVD burden exist across different demographic groups.
  • Elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein B are key contributors to ASCVD.

Conclusions:

  • Lowering low-density lipoprotein/apolipoprotein B levels is critical for ASCVD treatment and prevention.
  • Integrated strategies addressing clinical, social, and economic factors are essential for reducing ASCVD.
  • Early identification through tools like polygenic risk scores can enhance preventative measures.

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