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Direct Induction of Human Neural Stem Cells from Peripheral Blood Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells

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Introduction to HSCT for neurologic diseases.

Giovanni Luigi Mancardi¹, Giacomo Boffa¹, Matilde Inglese²

¹Department of Neurology, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.

Handbook of Clinical Neurology

|August 7, 2024

Summary

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) shows promise for severe autoimmune diseases, with over 3800 procedures performed. Further research is needed to enhance safety and efficacy for wider acceptance in neurological treatment.

Keywords:

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation Multiple sclerosis Neurologic diseases

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Area of Science:

Immunology
Neurology
Hematology

Background:

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) emerged as a treatment for severe autoimmune diseases from animal studies and observed patient responses.
Over 3800 HSCT procedures have been conducted for autoimmune disorders, establishing it as a standard for conditions like multiple sclerosis and systemic sclerosis.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide a comprehensive resource for healthcare professionals involved in HSCT for autoimmune disorders.
To address obstacles hindering wider acceptance of HSCT in treating neurological autoimmune conditions.
To guide the integration of HSCT into the therapeutic strategies for autoimmune disorders of the nervous system.

Main Methods:

Review of existing clinical data and outcomes from HSCT procedures for autoimmune diseases.
Identification of key challenges including safety, conditioning regimens, and interdisciplinary collaboration.
Emphasis on the need for robust Phase III trial data comparing HSCT with standard immunotherapy.

Main Results:

HSCT is a recognized treatment for specific autoimmune conditions like multiple sclerosis and systemic sclerosis.
Significant interest exists within the neurology community for using HSCT in refractory autoimmune disorders.
Obstacles to widespread adoption include safety, optimal conditioning, interdisciplinary teamwork, and definitive clinical trial evidence.

Conclusions:

HSCT has evolved into a standard treatment for certain severe autoimmune diseases.
Further advancements in safety, treatment protocols, and collaborative efforts are crucial for broader HSCT application.
The handbook serves as a resource to advance the role of HSCT in managing autoimmune neurological disorders.