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Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy‑related pneumonitis: How, when and why to diagnose and manage (Review)
Salvatore Lavalle1, Edoardo Masiello2, Maria Rosaria Valerio3
1Department of Medicine and Surgery, Kore University of Enna, I-94100 Enna, Italy.
Abstract:
Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy has revolutionized cancer treatment by enhancing the immune response against tumor cells. However, their influence on immune pathways can lead to immune-related adverse events such as pneumonitis, necessitating rapid diagnosis and management to prevent severe complications. These adverse events arise from the activation of the immune system by immunotherapeutic drugs, leading to immune-mediated inflammation and tissue damage in various organs and tissues throughout the body. The present review article discusses the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic modalities and management strategies for ICI-related pneumonitis, emphasizing early recognition and tailored interventions. Future research endeavors should focus on elucidating the underlying mechanisms of pneumonitis and identifying predictive biomarkers to guide personalized treatment strategies in this evolving field of oncology.
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