Sarcoidosis presenting as isolated massive splenomegaly: A case report

Area of Science:

• Immunology
• Pathology
• Internal Medicine

Background:

• Sarcoidosis is a multisystem granulomatous disease of unknown etiology.
• Pulmonary involvement is most common, but extrapulmonary manifestations occur in approximately 10% of cases.
• Isolated splenic involvement without lung disease is exceedingly rare.

Observation:

• A 28-year-old male presented with isolated splenomegaly.
• The differential diagnosis for isolated splenomegaly is extensive, including hematologic malignancies, tumors, infections, and inflammatory conditions.
• Sarcoidosis was identified as the cause of splenomegaly in this case.

Findings:

• The case demonstrates isolated splenic sarcoidosis, a rare clinical presentation.
• Diagnosis of isolated splenomegaly requires careful consideration of numerous potential causes.
• This case underscores the diverse organ system involvement possible in sarcoidosis.

Implications:

• Highlights the importance of considering sarcoidosis in the differential diagnosis of isolated splenomegaly.
• Emphasizes the need for thorough investigation in rare presentations of systemic diseases.
• Contributes to the understanding of extrapulmonary sarcoidosis manifestations.