Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 17, 2025

Problem-Solving Before Instruction PS-I: A Protocol for Assessment and Intervention in Students with Different Abilities
Published on: September 11, 2021
The Kink Orientation Scale: Developing and Validating a Measure of Kink Desire, Practice, and Identity
Liam Wignall1, Mark McCormack2, Tom Carpino3
1Department of Psychology, University of Brighton.
None:
Kink, often referred to as BDSM, is an important aspect of a sizable minority's sexual desires, practices, and personal relationships, yet there are few ways to assess kink engagement in a holistic manner. This study aimed to develop the Kink Orientation Scale (KOS), a novel short tool for measuring different aspects of kink sexuality. In phase one, 27 items were created and included in the initial scale based on a literature review and focus groups with kinky and non-kinky individuals. In phase two, the KOS was administered to 200 university students. Exploratory Factor Analyses (EFA) were used to determine the factor structure and dimensionality of the KOS, and we retained 18 items in the scale and identified five factors. In phase three, the 18 item KOS was administered to a kink sample of 1025 participants as a form of validation. Confirmatory Factor Analyses also identified five factors with a strong overlap to the EFA. The five factors were: kink identity; kink community; kink paraphernalia; kink practices; and sexual communication. The kink sample also provided higher scores on the KOS compared with the non-kink sample. This study shows the potential utility of the KOS in measuring kink engagement holistically.
Related Concept Videos
Psychosexual Theory of Development
The Five Stages of Psychosexual Development
Freud's...
Relationship Formation
Theory of Romantic Attachment in Adulthood
Ethnic Identity within a Larger Culture
Deindividuation
Self-Evaluation: Self-Enhancement and Self-Verification

