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Plasma Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Pediatric COVID-19 Patients Modulate Monocyte and T Cell Immune Responses

Pınar Gur Cetinkaya1, Irem Fatma Abras1, Irem Evcili1

  • 1Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey.

Immunological Investigations
|August 8, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) from severe COVID-19 patients suppressed immune responses in healthy cells. These plasma-derived EVs may play a role in early immunosuppression during severe pediatric COVID-19.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic has led to significant global morbidity and mortality.
  • The specific role of plasma-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) in pediatric COVID-19 patients is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of plasma-derived EVs from pediatric COVID-19 patients on immune cell function.
  • To explore the relationship between COVID-19 severity and immune responses mediated by EVs.

Main Methods:

  • Extracellular vesicles (EVs) were isolated from healthy controls and pediatric COVID-19 patients with varying disease severity.
  • In vitro assays, flow cytometry, and ELISA were used to assess EV effects on healthy peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), naïve CD4+ T cells, and monocytes.

Main Results:

  • Severe acute COVID-19 cases showed increased cytokines, decreased IFNγ, and lower CD4+ T cell and monocyte counts, indicating immunosuppression.
  • EVs from severe acute patients stimulated healthy cells to increase PD-L1 expression, promote Th2 and Treg cells, reduce IFNγ, and alter Th1/Th17 ratios.
  • Patient-derived EVs significantly reduced proinflammatory cytokine production by monocytes and decreased CD4+ T cell and monocyte populations in stimulated healthy PBMCs.

Conclusions:

  • COVID-19 severity correlates with distinct immunological responses and EV-mediated effects.
  • Plasma-derived EVs may contribute to early-stage immunosuppression in severe COVID-19 patients.
Abstract

Keywords:
CD4+T cellsCOVID-19SARS-CoV-2extracellular vesicles (EVs)immune-suppressionmonocytesprogrammed cell death 1 ligand (PDL1)

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