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Social psychologists have documented that feeling good about ourselves and maintaining positive self-esteem is a powerful motivator of human behavior (Tavris & Aronson, 2008). In the United States, members of the predominant culture typically think very highly of themselves and view themselves as good people who are above average on many desirable traits (Ehrlinger, Gilovich, & Ross, 2005). Often, our behavior, attitudes, and beliefs are affected when we experience a threat to our...
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Humans are very diverse and although we share many similarities, we also have many differences. The social groups we belong to help form our identities (Tajfel, 1974). These differences may be difficult for some people to reconcile, which may lead to prejudice toward people who are different. Prejudice is a negative attitude and feeling toward an individual based solely on one’s membership in a particular social group (Allport, 1954; Brown, 2010). Prejudice is common against people who...
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According to Charles Cooley, we base our image on what we think other people see (Cooley 1902). We imagine how we must appear to others, then react to this speculation. We don certain clothes, prepare our hair in a particular manner, wear makeup, use cologne, and the like—all with the notion that our presentation of ourselves is going to affect how others perceive us. We expect a certain reaction, and, if lucky, we get the one we desire and feel good about it. But more than that, Cooley...
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Conscience, Caricatures, and Catholic Identities.

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    Catholic healthcare ethics, guided by the Ethical and Religious Directives (ERDs), emphasize comprehensive patient protection, not just "choice." Understanding the ERDs reveals nuanced care principles for all individuals.

    Keywords:
    Catholic identitiesCatholic identityclinical ethicsconscienceethical and religious directivesreferrals for medical care

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    Area of Science:

    • Bioethics
    • Catholic Healthcare Ethics
    • Medical Law and Ethics

    Background:

    • The common perception of Catholic healthcare ethics as conflicting with secular autonomy often leads to demands for patient choice.
    • This perspective frequently stems from a misunderstanding of the Ethical and Religious Directives for Catholic Health Care Services (ERDs).
    • The commentary responds to Brummett et al.'s "Principled Conscientious Provision: Referral Symmetry and Its Implications for Protecting Secular Conscience."

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To elucidate the nuanced ethical framework of the ERDs within Catholic healthcare.
    • To address challenges faced by diverse Catholic identities in interpreting and applying the ERDs.
    • To ensure high-quality, compassionate care for all patients, irrespective of their background.

    Main Methods:

    • Commentary and critical analysis of the Ethical and Religious Directives for Catholic Health Care Services (ERDs).
    • Response to existing scholarly work on conscience and referral in healthcare.
    • Ethical interpretation focusing on the Church's commitment to protecting individuals throughout all life stages.

    Main Results:

    • The ERDs present a sophisticated approach to patient care that extends beyond a simple interpretation of "choice."
    • Misinterpretations of the ERDs by both Catholics and non-Catholics can lead to inaccurate portrayals of Catholic healthcare.
    • A deeper understanding of the ERDs can foster more inclusive and compassionate patient care within Catholic institutions.

    Conclusions:

    • The Ethical and Religious Directives (ERDs) offer a robust ethical foundation for Catholic healthcare, prioritizing comprehensive patient well-being.
    • Clarifying the ERDs' principles is essential for dispelling misconceptions and promoting respectful dialogue.
    • Upholding the ERDs ensures that Catholic healthcare facilities provide ethically sound and compassionate services to all patients.