Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists for weight management: A review for the gynecologic oncologist

The use of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) has experienced rapid growth amidst the obesity epidemic in the United States. While originally developed for glucose control in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, the scope of these agents now extends to encompass weight loss and cardiovascular risk reduction. GLP-1RAs have the potential to induce significant weight loss, in combination with lifestyle modifications, among adults who are overweight or obese. Furthermore, these agents demonstrate efficacy in ameliorating hyperglycemia, enhancing insulin sensitivity, regulating blood pressure, improving cardiometabolic parameters, mitigating kidney dysfunction, and potentially reducing the risk of several obesity-related cancers. Drug-related toxicity is primarily gastrointestinal and active management can prevent drug discontinuation. Obesity is associated both with an increased incidence of malignancy but also with decreased survival. More research is needed to evaluate the potential use of GLP-1RA to modify the endocrine function of adipocytes, regulate the chronic inflammatory state associated with obesity, and prospective applications in oncology. These agents can impact patients with gynecologic malignancies both through their direct mechanism of action as well as potential drug toxicity.