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Related Concept Videos

Parkinson's Disease: Treatment01:24

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Neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's Disease (PD), involve the gradual and irreversible destruction of neurons in particular brain areas. These disorders exhibit standard features like proteinopathies, selective vulnerability of some neurons, and an interaction of intrinsic properties, genetics, and environmental influences in neural injury.
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Alzheimer's Disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder, is pathologically identified by amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles composed of tau protein. AD pharmacotherapy aims to manage cognitive symptoms, delay disease progression, and treat behavioral symptoms. The treatment is primarily symptomatic and palliative, with no definitive disease-modifying therapy available. Cholinesterase inhibitors, including donepezil (Aricept), rivastigmine (Exelon), and galantamine (Razadyne), are...
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Neurodegenerative disorders are progressive diseases that cause irreversible damage and loss to neurons in specific brain areas. Examples of these disorders include Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). These disorders share characteristics such as proteinopathies, selective neuronal vulnerability, and a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. The primary therapeutic goal for these conditions is...
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Atypical antidepressants, including bupropion (Wellbutrin), mirtazapine (Remeron), nefazodone (Serzone), trazodone (Desyrel), and vilazodone (Viibryd), offer unique mechanisms of action. Bupropion weakly inhibits dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake, aiding depression treatment and smoking cessation, with a low risk of sexual dysfunction. Mirtazapine enhances serotonin and norepinephrine neurotransmission, leading to sedation, increased appetite, and weight gain. As a result, it helps treat...
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Drug Therapy01:28

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The advent of drug therapy has profoundly shaped modern mental health care, providing targeted treatments for a range of psychological disorders. Psychotherapeutic drugs, classified into antianxiety, antidepressant, and antipsychotic medications, address symptoms across anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and schizophrenia. While these medications have transformed patient outcomes, they require careful management due to their potential side effects and limitations.
Antianxiety Medications
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Certain drugs can affect how neurotransmitters called catecholamines, are released or taken back up in the adrenergic neuron. They can have different effects on the body's sympathetic transmission. Reserpine, a natural compound found in the Rauwolfia shrub, blocks a transporter called vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT), which leads to a buildup of catecholamines in the cell and reduces sympathetic transmission. Another drug called guanethidine works in multiple ways, including blocking...
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Updated: Jun 17, 2025

Fractionation for Resolution of Soluble and Insoluble Huntingtin Species
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Emerging pharmacological approaches for Huntington's disease.

Kuldeep Singh1, Divya Jain2, Pranshul Sethi3

  • 1Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India.

European Journal of Pharmacology
|August 8, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Huntington's disease (HD) treatments are advancing, with new drugs and therapies showing promise. This review explores current pharmacological interventions and future directions for managing HD symptoms and progression.

Keywords:
Huntington's diseaseMitochondrial dysfunctionMutant huntingtin proteinNeurodegenerative disordersPharmacological approaches

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Pharmacology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Huntington's disease (HD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with no cure.
  • Understanding HD pathogenesis involves mutant huntingtin protein, mitochondrial dysfunction, excitotoxicity, and neuro-inflammation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically appraise the latest developments in pharmacological interventions for Huntington's disease.
  • To review emerging therapeutic targets and agents, including small molecules, gene-based therapies, and neuroprotective agents.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of pharmacological approaches for HD.
  • Analysis of recent clinical trial outcomes for novel HD compounds.
  • Exploration of drug repurposing strategies for HD treatment.

Main Results:

  • Emerging pharmacological targets include protein homeostasis, mitochondrial function, neuro-inflammation, and neurotransmitter systems.
  • Clinical trials show promising results but also present challenges in HD drug development.
  • Drug repurposing offers a potentially cost-effective avenue for HD treatment.

Conclusions:

  • Pharmacological interventions for HD are evolving, with multiple strategies showing promise.
  • Future directions emphasize combination therapies, personalized medicine, and continued drug development.
  • Despite challenges, advancements offer hope for improved HD symptom management and slowed progression.