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Related Concept Videos

Caspases01:24

Caspases

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Caspase, a family of cysteine proteases, serve as effectors in apoptosis. The ced3 gene in C.elegans was first identified to be involved in apoptosis. This gene encodes the ced-3 caspase that is similar to the interleukin-1-beta converting enzyme or ICE in mammals. In addition to apoptosis, caspases also function in the inflammatory response. Inflammatory caspases are essential in activating pro-inflammatory cytokines that recruit immune cells and block the replication of pathogens inside...
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The spindle assembly checkpoint is a molecular surveillance mechanism ensuring the fidelity of chromosome segregation during anaphase. The checkpoint monitors the completion of all the prerequisite steps before chromosome segregation to determine whether the segregation process should proceed or be delayed.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2025

A Seed Coat Bedding Assay to Genetically Explore In Vitro How the Endosperm Controls Seed Germination in Arabidopsis thaliana
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Seed longevity is controlled by metacaspases.

Chen Liu1,2,3,4, Ioannis H Hatzianestis2,3, Thorsten Pfirrmann5

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China.

Nature Communications
|August 8, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Plant seeds achieve longevity through protein homeostasis adjustments. Metacaspase II proteases regulate CDC48 localization, crucial for discarding misfolded proteins and ensuring seed survival during dormancy.

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Reliable Method for Assessing Seed Germination, Dormancy, and Mortality under Field Conditions
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Area of Science:

  • Plant biology
  • Molecular biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Seed longevity is essential for survival and relies on maintaining protein homeostasis (proteostasis) during dormancy.
  • The precise mechanisms regulating proteostasis in quiescent seeds remain largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of type-II metacaspase (MCA-II) proteases in seed proteostasis and longevity.
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms linking MCA-II proteases, CDC48, and protein degradation in seeds.

Main Methods:

  • Arabidopsis thaliana genetic mutants lacking all six MCA-II proteases were analyzed.
  • Seed proteostasis, CDC48 localization at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and lipid droplet dynamics were assessed.
  • The interaction between MCA-II proteases, PUX10, and CDC48 was investigated.

Main Results:

  • MCA-II mutant seeds exhibited disturbed proteostasis and failed to restrict CDC48 at the ER for misfolded protein clearance.
  • Endoplasmic reticulum localization of CDC48 depends on MCA-II-mediated cleavage of the adaptor protein PUX10.
  • Loss of MCA-II function led to altered PUX10 levels, partially restoring proteostasis and prolonging seed lifespan.

Conclusions:

  • A novel proteolytic module involving MCA-II proteases, PUX10, and CDC48 is identified.
  • This module regulates spatiotemporal proteolysis, lipid droplet dynamics, and protein homeostasis, conferring seed longevity.
  • Understanding these mechanisms offers potential strategies for enhancing seed storage and viability.