Analysis of Co-expression of HSP 70 and BCL 2 in Oral Precancer and Cancer Patients Using Immunohistochemistry
Geeta Singh1, Ezhilarasi Sundaram1, Shaleen Chandra2
1Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Science, King George Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226003 India.
Introduction:
Understanding of molecular model of oral carcinogenesis has carried cancer chemotherapy far forward from conventional drug therapies. Small molecule inhibitors have gained acceptance as it has fewer adverse effects and also provide targeted drug therapy. The association of HSP 70 (Heat Shock Protein 70) and BCL 2 (B-cell lymphoma 2) proteins with oral precancer and cancer is already established. However, the complex interaction between these two proteins and how they affect each other's expression is still not understood completely. In our study, we aimed to correlate the expression of HSP 70 and BCL 2 with different histopathological grades of oral precancer and cancer tissue samples using tissue immunohistochemistry.
Materials And Methods:
Tissue samples were taken from a total of 250 patients (100 OPMDs and 150 OSCCs) and subjected to immunohistochemistry using anti-human mouse monoclonal antibodies to HSP70 and BCL2. Immunostaining was done, and the immunostaining intensity distribution (IID) index was calculated.
Results And Discussion:
Immunoreactivity scores for both HSP 70 and BCL 2 correlated with different grades of dysplasia. However, only HSP 70 had a statistically significant association (p = 0.066). We also found that HSP 70 showed an inverse correlation, with higher expression majorly seen in well-differentiated OSCCs.
Conclusion:
Our study unveiled the HSP 70-BCL 2 interaction and provides insights about how this might affect drug designing and help overcome therapeutic lags. However, further studies are needed to provide a comprehensive review of such interactions among various small molecules.
Insights
Heat Shock Protein 70 (HSP 70) and B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL 2) expression correlates with oral precancer and cancer grades. HSP 70 showed a significant inverse correlation with oral squamous cell carcinoma differentiation.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Molecular Biology
- Biochemistry
Background:
- Oral carcinogenesis understanding advanced chemotherapy with targeted therapies.
- Small molecule inhibitors offer targeted therapy with fewer adverse effects.
- Heat Shock Protein 70 (HSP 70) and B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL 2) are associated with oral precancer and cancer.
Purpose of the Study:
- To correlate HSP 70 and BCL 2 expression with histopathological grades of oral precancer and cancer.
- To investigate the interaction between HSP 70 and BCL 2 in oral tissues.
Main Methods:
- Immunohistochemistry was performed on 250 oral tissue samples (100 OPMDs, 150 OSCCs).
- Monoclonal antibodies against HSP70 and BCL2 were used.
- Immunostaining intensity distribution (IID) index was calculated.
Main Results:
- Both HSP 70 and BCL 2 immunoreactivity scores correlated with dysplasia grades.
- HSP 70 showed a statistically significant association (p=0.066) with dysplasia grades.
- HSP 70 exhibited an inverse correlation, with higher expression in well-differentiated OSCCs.
Conclusions:
- The study provides insights into the HSP 70-BCL 2 interaction in oral carcinogenesis.
- Understanding this interaction may aid in designing targeted therapies and overcoming drug resistance.
- Further research is needed for a comprehensive review of small molecule interactions in oral cancer.
