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How Do Households Fare Economically When Mothers Become Their Primary Financial Support?

Kimberly McErlean1, Jennifer L Glass1

  • 1Department of Sociology, Population Research Center, The University of Texas at Austin, 305 E. 23rd St., Mail Stop G18000, Austin, TX 78712, USA.

Journal of Family and Economic Issues
|August 9, 2024
PubMed
Summary

When mothers become the primary earner, household income often declines, impacting children's economic well-being. This financial hardship is particularly evident in partnered-mother households and single-mother families.

Keywords:
BreadwinningEarningsEconomic well-beingMotherhoodPartnered mothersSingle mothers

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Area of Science:

  • Socioeconomics
  • Family Economics
  • Child Development

Background:

  • Children's economic well-being is closely linked to life-course outcomes.
  • Increasing numbers of children live in mother-led households.
  • The economic impact of mothers becoming primary earners is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify the effect of a mother's transition to primary earner status on household economic well-being.
  • To examine if these effects differ based on maternal relationship status (partnered vs. single).

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the 2014 Survey of Income and Program Participation.
  • Analyzed changes in household income and economic needs following a mother's primary earner transition.
  • Differentiated analysis by mother's relationship status.

Main Results:

  • On average, household income declines when mothers become primary earners.
  • More households struggle to meet economic needs after the mother transitions to primary earner.
  • Income declines are concentrated in partnered-mother households and those experiencing a transition from partnered to single status.
  • Many single-mother households experience income increases but still face unmet economic needs.

Conclusions:

  • The transition to mothers as primary earners can lead to financial hardship for families.
  • Welfare system changes requiring employment and labor market shifts contribute to this financial strain.
  • Policy interventions may be needed to support mother-led households and ensure child economic well-being.