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Weakness Status is Differentially Associated with Time to Diabetes in Americans.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Epidemiology
  • Metabolic Health

Background:

  • Muscle weakness is a growing concern in aging populations.
  • Understanding factors contributing to diabetes incidence is crucial for public health.
  • Handgrip strength (HGS) is a common measure of muscle strength.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the link between different measures of muscle weakness and the risk of developing diabetes.
  • To determine if normalizing HGS to body size influences its association with diabetes incidence.
  • To examine the impact of collective weakness classifications on diabetes risk.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of data from 9577 older adults (aged ≥50 years) from the Health and Retirement Study.
  • Handgrip strength (HGS) measured using a dynamometer; diabetes diagnosis self-reported.
  • Weakness defined by absolute HGS, HGS normalized to body weight, and HGS normalized to BMI, with collective categories.

Main Results:

  • HGS normalized to body weight or BMI was significantly associated with a higher hazard of incident diabetes (HR 1.29 and 1.30, respectively).
  • Absolute HGS weakness was not significantly associated with incident diabetes (HR 1.06).
  • Collective weakness categories also showed a significantly increased hazard for diabetes incidence.

Conclusions:

  • Muscle strength, when adjusted for body size (weight and BMI), is a significant predictor of diabetes risk.
  • Absolute handgrip strength is confounded by body size and does not predict diabetes incidence.
  • These findings highlight the importance of considering body size normalization when assessing muscle strength's impact on metabolic health.