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Why do rape victimization rates vary across studies? A meta-analysis examining moderating variables.

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This meta-analysis found that 17% of women experienced rape. Methodological factors like participant age and sample source significantly influenced reported rape rates in studies.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Sociology

Background:

  • Rape victimization rates vary significantly across studies.
  • Methodological factors often obscure the true prevalence of sexual violence.
  • Comparing findings across research is challenging due to unclear sources of variation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and quantify study- and sample-related factors influencing reported rape prevalence.
  • To provide context for comparing sexual victimization research.

Main Methods:

  • A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted.
  • 84 studies (89 independent samples) involving women in the U.S. were analyzed.
  • Data from 6391 research articles were evaluated.

Main Results:

  • An average of 17.0% of participants reported rape experiences (adolescence or adulthood).
  • Participant age, sample source, and perpetration tactics measured significantly predicted variation in reported rates.
  • Recruitment method, publication year, and earliest age in the reference period did not predict significant variation.

Conclusions:

  • Methodological variables substantially impact observed sexual victimization rates.
  • Understanding these variations is crucial for accurate interpretation of sexual violence research.
  • This meta-analysis offers a framework for more consistent comparisons across studies.