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Why do rape victimization rates vary across studies? A meta-analysis examining moderating variables.
Rachael Goodman-Williams1, Emily Dworkin2, MacKenzie Hetfield3
1Wichita State University, United States of America.
Aggression and Violent Behavior
|August 9, 2024
Summary
This meta-analysis found that 17% of women experienced rape. Methodological factors like participant age and sample source significantly influenced reported rape rates in studies.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
- Sociology
Background:
- Rape victimization rates vary significantly across studies.
- Methodological factors often obscure the true prevalence of sexual violence.
- Comparing findings across research is challenging due to unclear sources of variation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify and quantify study- and sample-related factors influencing reported rape prevalence.
- To provide context for comparing sexual victimization research.
Main Methods:
- A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted.
- 84 studies (89 independent samples) involving women in the U.S. were analyzed.
- Data from 6391 research articles were evaluated.
Main Results:
- An average of 17.0% of participants reported rape experiences (adolescence or adulthood).
- Participant age, sample source, and perpetration tactics measured significantly predicted variation in reported rates.
- Recruitment method, publication year, and earliest age in the reference period did not predict significant variation.
Conclusions:
- Methodological variables substantially impact observed sexual victimization rates.
- Understanding these variations is crucial for accurate interpretation of sexual violence research.
- This meta-analysis offers a framework for more consistent comparisons across studies.
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