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Responses to Drought and Flooding

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Transcription

Transcription

Overview
Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in the proper synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA). Regulation of transcription is responsible for the differentiation of all the different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds...

Light Acquisition

Light Acquisition

In order to produce glucose, plants need to capture sufficient light energy. Many modern plants have evolved leaves specialized for light acquisition. Leaves can be only millimeters in width or tens of meters wide, depending on the environment. Due to competition for sunlight, evolution has driven the evolution of increasingly larger leaves and taller plants, to avoid shading by their neighbors with contaminant elaboration of root architecture and mechanisms to transport water and nutrients.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2025

Author Spotlight: Innovative Approaches to Understanding Plant Structure-Function Relationships for Climate-Resilient Crops

Author Spotlight: Innovative Approaches to Understanding Plant Structure-Function Relationships for Climate-Resilient Crops

Published on: July 12, 2024

Stem traits promote wheat climate-resilience.

Simeon Ntawuguranayo^1,2, Michael Zilberberg^1,2, Kamal Nashef²

¹The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel.

Frontiers in Plant Science

|August 9, 2024

Summary

Selecting wheat for stronger stems and higher water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC) can improve grain yield under stress. Easy-to-measure stem traits can aid breeding for resilient crops.

Keywords:

grain filling peduncle length stem diameter stem solidness water-soluble carbohydrates wheat breeding

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Last Updated: Jun 17, 2025

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A Telemetric, Gravimetric Platform for Real-Time Physiological Phenotyping of Plant–Environment Interactions

A Telemetric, Gravimetric Platform for Real-Time Physiological Phenotyping of Plant–Environment Interactions

Published on: August 5, 2020

Area of Science:

Agricultural Science
Plant Physiology
Crop Science

Background:

Wheat grain filling is influenced by stem traits and carbohydrate remobilization, especially under stress.
Water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC) stored in stems are crucial for maintaining grain yield during post-anthesis stress.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify specific stem traits that correlate with water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) accumulation and grain yield in wheat under various stress conditions.
To evaluate the potential of stem traits as selection criteria for breeding wheat varieties with improved stress tolerance.

Main Methods:

Phenotyped a diverse panel of spring wheat lines for stem traits (WSC content, stem diameter, peduncle length, stem wall width).
Evaluated lines under well-watered, water-limited, heat, and terminal-drought stress conditions in Mexico and Israel.

Main Results:

Environmental stresses significantly reduced grain yield and altered stem traits like internode diameter and peduncle length.
Stem WSC content generally peaked 3-4 weeks post-heading, with highest values under water-limited and drought conditions.
Increased investment in stem diameter and peduncle length correlated positively with stem WSC, grain yield, and kernel weight, with no trade-offs observed.

Conclusions:

Selecting for genotypes with greater stem structural biomass and WSC accumulation/remobilization is a viable strategy to mitigate stress-induced grain size reduction without sacrificing yield potential.
Simple, measurable stem proxies like stem diameter and peduncle length can enhance breeding efficiency for stress-resilient wheat.