Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Narcolepsy01:07

Narcolepsy

96
Narcolepsy is a chronic sleep disorder characterized by pervasive, uncontrolled sleepiness and other sleep disturbances. One of its hallmark symptoms is an abrupt transition to REM sleep upon falling asleep, which causes symptoms typically associated with this phase to occur unexpectedly during wakefulness. These include the following symptoms, which typically last from a minute or two to half an hour.
96
Sleep-Wake Cycles01:24

Sleep-Wake Cycles

1.2K
Sleep is an essential physiological process vital to maintaining overall well-being. The reticular activating system (RAS), a network of neurons in the brainstem, regulates wakefulness and sleep. While it may seem passive, sleep consists of distinct cycles, each with its unique characteristics and functions. Two key sleep phases are non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and  rapid eye movement (REM).
NREM Sleep
NREM sleep comprises four progressive stages that seamlessly merge:
1.2K
Sleep Apnea01:21

Sleep Apnea

134
Sleep apnea is a condition where breathing stops intermittently during sleep, often leading to significant health issues. Each episode can last from 10 to 20 seconds or more and is frequently accompanied by a brief arousal from sleep. This disturbance, largely unnoticed by the individual, can lead to severe daytime fatigue. Commonly, individuals seek help after being informed by their partners about loud snoring and noticeable breathing pauses during sleep.
The condition is more prevalent among...
134
Management of Insomnia01:19

Management of Insomnia

237
The sleep cycle, an integral part of human health, consists of several stages with distinct characteristics and functions. It begins with a transition from wakefulness to sleep, known as the light sleep phase, followed by the restorative deep sleep phase, essential for physical recovery and growth. The cycle concludes with the Rapid Eye Movement (REM) phase, characterized by high brain activity and vivid dreaming. Insomnia, a prevalent sleep disorder, involves difficulty falling asleep, staying...
237
Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep01:24

Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep

163
Substance use disorders involve a pattern of using drugs more extensively than intended and continuing use despite harmful consequences. This includes legal substances like alcohol and nicotine, as well as illegal drugs. These disorders often involve both physical and psychological dependence, reflecting compulsive use of substances that significantly alter thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, contributing to a major public health issue.
Understanding the concepts of physical dependence,...
163
Chronopharmacokinetics: Circadian Rhythms and Influence on Drug Response01:15

Chronopharmacokinetics: Circadian Rhythms and Influence on Drug Response

52
Circadian rhythms are cyclic changes that are crucial in plasma drug concentrations. Various standard circadian parameters, including core body temperature, heart rate, and other cardiovascular factors, directly impact disease states and the therapeutic response to drug therapy.
The time of drug administration is an important factor to consider, as it can influence the toxic dose of a drug. For example, a study conducted by Prins et al. in 1997 examined the effects of the timing of...
52

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Daylight saving time transition and new-onset retinal vascular disease: a nationwide cohort study.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Initiation of first-generation antihistamines during pregnancy and gestational restless legs syndrome: a secondary analysis of the nuMoM2b cohort.

American journal of obstetrics & gynecology MFM·2026
Same author

Variation in Vasoactive Treatment Selection for Cardiogenic Shock: Insights From the Critical Care Cardiology Trials Network (CCCTN).

Circulation. Heart failure·2026
Same author

Circadian Rest-Activity Rhythms, Cognition, and Alzheimer Disease Dementia in Adults With Down Syndrome.

Neurology·2026
Same author

Multidimensional Sleep Health and Cognitive Risk in Midlife Primary Care: Comparing Questionnaires.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2026
Same author

Sleep and Cognitive Health Interventions to Prevent Cognitive Decline in Older Adult Survivors of Critical Illness: Randomized Clinical Trial Protocol.

Nursing research·2026
Same journal

Proteomics-Based Soluble Urokinase Plasminogen Activator Receptor Levels Are Associated With Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes in the General Population: Insights From the UK Biobank.

Journal of the American Heart Association·2026
Same journal

Sex-Specific Association Between Socioeconomic Status and Stroke Mortality.

Journal of the American Heart Association·2026
Same journal

Social Determinants of Health and Cardiovascular Disease-Related Outcome Disparities Among Breast Cancer Survivors: A Systematic Review.

Journal of the American Heart Association·2026
Same journal

Graded Associations Between Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction Improvement and Cardiorenal Outcomes in Heart Failure With Improved Ejection Fraction.

Journal of the American Heart Association·2026
Same journal

Early Multimodal Motor Training After Stroke Promotes Motor Recovery and Whole-Brain Structural Remodeling.

Journal of the American Heart Association·2026
Same journal

EAT-Lancet Diet, Plasma Metabolites, and Risk of Peripheral Artery Disease: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Journal of the American Heart Association·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2025

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy DISE with Target Controlled Infusion TCI and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
07:54

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy DISE with Target Controlled Infusion TCI and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Published on: December 6, 2016

19.7K

Cardiovascular Risks in People With Narcolepsy: Expert Panel Consensus Recommendations.

Younghoon Kwon1, Apoor S Gami2, Shahrokh Javaheri3

  • 1University of Washington Seattle WA.

Journal of the American Heart Association
|August 9, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

People with narcolepsy face higher risks of cardiovascular and cardiometabolic diseases. Experts developed consensus recommendations to recognize, reduce, and prevent these risks, including lowering sodium intake.

Keywords:
heart diseasehypertensionnarcolepsysleepsodium

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Overcoming Challenges in Drosophila Sleep Measurement Using DAM System
05:59

Author Spotlight: Overcoming Challenges in Drosophila Sleep Measurement Using DAM System

Published on: October 20, 2023

2.3K
Measuring Neural Mechanisms Underlying Sleep-Dependent Memory Consolidation During Naps in Early Childhood
08:20

Measuring Neural Mechanisms Underlying Sleep-Dependent Memory Consolidation During Naps in Early Childhood

Published on: October 2, 2019

11.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 17, 2025

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy DISE with Target Controlled Infusion TCI and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
07:54

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy DISE with Target Controlled Infusion TCI and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Published on: December 6, 2016

19.7K
Author Spotlight: Overcoming Challenges in Drosophila Sleep Measurement Using DAM System
05:59

Author Spotlight: Overcoming Challenges in Drosophila Sleep Measurement Using DAM System

Published on: October 20, 2023

2.3K
Measuring Neural Mechanisms Underlying Sleep-Dependent Memory Consolidation During Naps in Early Childhood
08:20

Measuring Neural Mechanisms Underlying Sleep-Dependent Memory Consolidation During Naps in Early Childhood

Published on: October 2, 2019

11.9K

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Observational studies indicate narcolepsy patients have increased cardiovascular and cardiometabolic comorbidities.
  • Narcolepsy may elevate the risk of future cardiovascular events.
  • An expert panel convened to address these risks and mitigation strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Establish expert consensus on cardiovascular/cardiometabolic disease risk in narcolepsy.
  • Develop strategies to mitigate identified risks.
  • Increase clinical awareness of these risks.

Main Methods:

  • A consensus panel of sleep medicine and cardiology experts was formed.
  • Experts reviewed relevant literature and drafted recommendations.
  • Recommendations were rated for agreement using a 0-4 scale.

Main Results:

  • All 14 revised recommendation statements achieved unanimous expert agreement (4.0 rating).
  • Key themes included recognizing, reducing, and preventing cardiovascular/cardiometabolic risks.
  • Specific recommendations focused on reducing sodium intake.

Conclusions:

  • Consensus recommendations aim to enhance clinician awareness of cardiovascular risks in narcolepsy.
  • Early monitoring and prevention are crucial, given the disease onset in adolescence/young adulthood.
  • Further prospective studies are needed to confirm associations and causation.