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Millikelvin confocal microscope with free-space access and high-frequency electrical control.

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We developed a cryogenic confocal microscope for quantum device research, achieving temperatures below 100 mK. This system enables advanced studies of solid-state quantum systems and spin qubits.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Optics and Photonics
  • Solid-State Physics
  • Cryogenic Engineering

Background:

  • Cryogenic confocal microscopy is crucial for studying solid-state quantum devices like single photon sources and qubits.
  • Existing systems often operate at temperatures of a few Kelvin, insufficient for experiments requiring lower temperatures and dynamic electrical control.
  • Microwave connectivity and free-space optical access are essential for advanced quantum experiments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a novel confocal microscope integrated into a dilution refrigerator.
  • To achieve operating temperatures below 100 mK with microwave connectivity and free-space optical access.
  • To facilitate advanced studies of solid-state quantum devices, including spin qubits and quantum transport.

Main Methods:

  • Development and implementation of a confocal microscope within a dilution refrigerator.
  • Integration of high-frequency cabling for microwave connectivity.
  • Design allowing for in-situ sample exchange while maintaining cryogenic temperatures.

Main Results:

  • Demonstration of confocal imaging capabilities at sub-100 mK temperatures.
  • Achieved an electron temperature of 76 mK.
  • Successful sub-nanosecond modulation of emission wavelength in a suitable sample.

Conclusions:

  • The developed cryogenic confocal microscope meets the requirements for state-of-the-art spin qubit experiments.
  • The system's unique features, including sample exchange and low temperatures, enable new research avenues.
  • The instrument is versatile for quantum transport, solid-state quantum optics, and microwave-optical transducer research.