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Related Concept Videos

Inhaled Medications01:23

Inhaled Medications

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Inhaled medications are crucial for managing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. They are essential for effective treatment and control, ensuring optimal respiratory health and well-being. Inhaled medication delivers drugs directly to the lungs, providing a rapid onset of action and reducing systemic side effects compared to oral or injectable medications. Three primary types of inhalation devices are used to administer these medications: nebulizers, metered-dose inhalers...
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Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Pharmaceutical Parameters01:28

Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Pharmaceutical Parameters

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Solid dosage forms such as tablets and capsules undergo rigorous manufacturing processes to ensure stability and effectiveness. Their dissolution and absorption properties are influenced significantly by the choice of excipients (inactive ingredients that serve various roles in the formulation), and the methodology applied during production. The manufacturing parameters, such as compression force and granulation techniques, significantly affect dissolution rates. Elevated compression forces...
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Asthma-IV: Diagnostic and Management01:30

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The diagnosis and management of asthma are comprehensive, encompassing clinical assessments, lung function tests, and pharmacological interventions. Here's an overview:
Clinical Assessment for Asthma:
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Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes01:22

Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes

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Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
Transdermal patches transport drugs...
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Factors Affecting Dissolution: Particle Size and Effective Surface Area01:23

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Particle Size and Effective Surface Area

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Dissolution kinetics, an essential aspect of oral drug delivery, is significantly influenced by the drug's particle size. According to the Noyes-Whitney dissolution model, the dissolution rate correlates directly with the drug's surface area. The larger the surface area, the higher the drug's solubility in water, leading to a faster drug dissolution rate. Reducing particle size increases the effective surface area, enhancing the dissolution process. Micronization and nanosizing are...
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Additional Routes of Drug Administration01:18

Additional Routes of Drug Administration

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Choosing the appropriate route of drug administration is significantly influenced by two key factors: the therapeutic objectives and the inherent properties of the drug being used.
Administering drugs via inhalation allows for the direct delivery of gaseous, volatile substances or droplets to different parts of the respiratory tract. One of the advantages of the inhalation route is the rapid absorption of drugs into the circulatory system, which is possible because of the large surface area of...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2025

Author Spotlight: Developing a Disposable Dosator for Preclinical Testing of Dry Powder Inhalers in Small Animal Models
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Author Spotlight: Developing a Disposable Dosator for Preclinical Testing of Dry Powder Inhalers in Small Animal Models

Published on: August 18, 2023

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Different Carriers for Use in Dry Powder Inhalers: Characteristics of Their Particles.

P J Salústio1, M H Amaral2,3, P C Costa2,3

  • 1Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.UL), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.

Journal of Aerosol Medicine and Pulmonary Drug Delivery
|August 9, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Dry powder inhalers (DPIs) are advancing for treating lung diseases. This review examines carrier properties like size and texture, crucial for drug delivery deep into the lungs.

Keywords:
aerosolizationcarriersdry powdersparticle designpulmonary route

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Sciences
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Dry powder inhalers (DPIs) are increasingly used for pulmonary and systemic disease management.
  • DPI technology has rapidly advanced in device engineering and formulation processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the physicochemical properties of carrier materials influencing DPI performance.
  • To analyze novel particle engineering technologies for enhancing drug delivery via DPIs.
  • To compare existing carriers, like lactose, with emerging alternatives for DPI formulations.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on carrier physicochemical characteristics.
  • Analysis of factors affecting dry powder aerosolization and particle deposition.
  • Examination of particle engineering techniques and novel delivery systems.

Main Results:

  • Carrier properties such as shape, size distribution, density, and inter-particle forces significantly impact DPI performance.
  • Particle engineering offers methods to enhance drug deposition deep within the pulmonary system.
  • Lactose is a common carrier but has limitations; alternative carriers and systems are under investigation.

Conclusions:

  • Optimizing carrier physicochemical properties is essential for effective DPI-based drug delivery.
  • Ongoing research into novel carriers and particle engineering aims to improve DPI efficacy.
  • Understanding these factors is key for developing next-generation DPI formulations.