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Electroconvulsive Therapy

Electroconvulsive Therapy

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), or shock therapy, remains a critical biomedical intervention for severe, treatment-resistant depression. While its origins can be traced back to Hippocrates' observations that malaria-induced convulsions alleviated mental illness, modern ECT has evolved significantly from its earlier, more primitive applications. First introduced in 1938 by Ugo Cerletti and his colleagues, ECT involves inducing controlled seizures using electrical currents. In its early...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2025

Electroconvulsive Seizures in Rats and Fractionation of Their Hippocampi to Examine Seizure-induced Changes in Postsynaptic Density Proteins

Electroconvulsive Seizures in Rats and Fractionation of Their Hippocampi to Examine Seizure-induced Changes in Postsynaptic Density Proteins

Published on: August 15, 2017

Modified Electroconvulsive Therapy Normalizes Plasma GNA13 Following Schizophrenic Relapse.

Hongli Zhang, Hui Li, Mei Yu

¹From the Department of Psychiatry, Fundamental and Clinical Research on Mental Disorders Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Medical Laboratory Center, Laboratory of Neurological Diseases & Brain Function, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou.

The Journal of ECT

|August 9, 2024

Summary

Modified electroconvulsive therapy (MECT) reduced GNA13 protein levels in schizophrenia patients. This reduction correlated with symptom improvement, especially in females, suggesting GNA13

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Last Updated: Jun 17, 2025

Electroconvulsive Seizures in Rats and Fractionation of Their Hippocampi to Examine Seizure-induced Changes in Postsynaptic Density Proteins

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Electrophoretic Delivery of γ-aminobutyric Acid GABA into Epileptic Focus Prevents Seizures in Mice

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Published on: May 16, 2019

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Genetics
Psychiatry

Background:

GNA13, a risk gene for schizophrenia (SCZ), is part of the G protein family.
Altered GNA13 expression is implicated in SCZ pathogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the relationship between GNA13 plasma levels and clinical symptoms in SCZ patients undergoing modified electroconvulsive therapy (MECT).

Main Methods:

Recruited 82 SCZ patients and 86 healthy controls (HCs).
Administered 6 MECT sessions to SCZ patients.
Measured plasma GNA13 levels using ELISA and assessed symptom severity with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS).

Main Results:

SCZ patients exhibited higher pretreatment GNA13 levels than HCs (P < 0.001).
MECT significantly reduced GNA13 levels (P < 0.001), normalizing levels compared to HCs (P = 0.827).
In females, GNA13 downregulation correlated with reduced positive (r = -0.379, P = 0.027) and increased negative symptom scores (r = 0.480, P = 0.004).
Pretreatment GNA13 levels effectively differentiated SCZ from HCs in both sexes (AUC > 0.79, P < 0.001).

Conclusions:

Reduced GNA13 expression post-MECT may be linked to symptom changes in female SCZ patients.
GNA13 serves as a potential biomarker for SCZ diagnosis.