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Crystal layer growth with embedded carbon-based particles from effervescent tablet-based nanofluids.

Naser Ali1

  • 1Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Program, Energy and Building Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, 13109, Safat, Kuwait. nmali@kisr.edu.kw.

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Summary

This study examined crystal layer growth in carbon-based nanofluids. Distilled water-based nanofluids showed better stability and enhanced thermal conductivity, with crystallization increasing in seawater-based suspensions.

Keywords:
CrystallizationDispersion stabilityEffervescent agentMWCNTsSuspensionThermal conductivity

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Fluid Dynamics

Background:

  • Crystallization in fluids can enhance heat transfer capabilities.
  • Nanofluids offer potential for improved thermal performance.
  • Carbon-based effervescent tablets were used to create novel nanofluids.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the crystal layer growth in nanofluids derived from carbon-based effervescent tablets.
  • To characterize the dispersion stability, thermal conductivity, and crystallization behavior of these nanofluids.
  • To compare the performance of nanofluids in distilled water (DW) versus seawater (SW).

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of effervescent tablets using multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), sodium phosphate monobasic (NaH2PO4), and sodium carbonate (Na2CO3).
  • Preparation of MWCNT suspensions (0.05–0.15 vol.%) in DW and SW.
  • Characterization of dispersion stability, thermal conductivity, and crystal layer growth.

Main Results:

  • DW-based nanofluids demonstrated superior dispersion stability compared to SW-based counterparts.
  • Optimal long-term stability was observed for 0.05 vol.% DW-based suspensions.
  • Significant increases in thermal conductivity were achieved (3.29% in DW, 3.13% in SW at 0.15 vol.% MWCNTs).
  • Crystallization initiated in nanofluids with >0.05 vol.% MWCNTs, with accelerated growth in SW-based suspensions at higher concentrations.

Conclusions:

  • The study successfully developed and characterized carbon-based nanofluids for potential heat transfer applications.
  • Nanofluid stability and crystallization are influenced by the base fluid (DW vs. SW) and MWCNT concentration.
  • Further research into optimizing effervescent agent composition could enhance crystallization control and thermal performance.