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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Cancer Vaccines01:30

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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Pharmacological Management01:29

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Upon diagnosis, managing Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) involves addressing several crucial aspects. The primary goals include resting the bowel, correcting malnutrition, and providing symptomatic relief. Resting the bowel may consist of medications to reduce inflammation and promote healing. Correcting malnutrition is essential, often requiring dietary adjustments and nutritional supplements. Symptomatic relief aims to ease pain, diarrhea, and other discomforts in IBD.
Pharmacologic...
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Crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel disorder marked by chronic inflammation of the GI tract. Various treatment strategies for Crohn's disease are employed, such as immunomodulatory agents, glucocorticoids, and biologics or anti-TNF therapy. Azathioprine (Imuran), a commonly used immunomodulatory drug for Crohn's disease, is converted in the body to mercaptopurine, which inhibits purine biosynthesis and cell proliferation. Both are utilized in severe cases of Inflammatory Bowel...
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Cancer Therapies02:49

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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2025

Flow Cytometry-Based Isolation and Therapeutic Evaluation of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in a Mouse Model of Pancreatic Cancer
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Recent developments in immunotherapy for gastrointestinal tract cancers.

Xiaoyi Chong1, Yelizhati Madeti1, Jieyuan Cai1

  • 1Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China.

Journal of Hematology & Oncology
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Immunotherapy, including immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and CAR-T cell therapy, shows promise for gastrointestinal cancers. Research focuses on optimizing these treatments for advanced esophageal, gastric, and colorectal cancers.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Immunotherapy has emerged as a significant treatment modality for gastrointestinal (GI) cancers over recent decades.
  • Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), specifically targeting PD-1 and PD-L1, play a crucial role in managing advanced and perioperative GI malignancies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current landscape of immunotherapy for GI tract cancers.
  • To summarize key research, recent advancements, and future prospects in the field.
  • To highlight the application of immunotherapy in esophageal cancer (EC), gastric/gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma (G/GEJC), and colorectal cancer (CRC).

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of immunotherapy research in GI cancers.
  • Analysis of clinical trial data for ICIs and CAR-T cell therapy.
  • Synthesis of current treatment guidelines and emerging therapeutic strategies.

Main Results:

  • Anti-PD-1 combined with chemotherapy is a standard first-line treatment for advanced G/GEJC, dMMR/MSI-H CRC, and advanced EC.
  • Claudin18.2-redirected chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy demonstrates potential in later-line settings for GI cancers.
  • Ongoing research aims to enhance the precision and efficacy of immunotherapy for GI tumors.

Conclusions:

  • Immunotherapy, particularly ICIs and CAR-T cell therapy, has transformed GI cancer treatment.
  • Further optimization is necessary to maximize therapeutic benefits and overcome resistance.
  • Future directions involve refining treatment strategies and exploring novel immunotherapeutic approaches for GI malignancies.