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Dementia01:30

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Dementia is a collective term for cognitive disorders primarily affecting memory, thinking, and reasoning. It is not a specific disease but a syndrome, with Alzheimer's disease being the most common cause, accounting for approximately 60-80% of cases. Other types include vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Dementia affects millions worldwide, particularly older adults, though it is not a normal part of aging.
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Estimating the Prevalence of Dementia in New Zealand Using Capture-Recapture Analysis on Routinely Collected Health

E Ma'u1,2, S Cullum1,3, N Mukadam4,5

  • 1Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.

International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry
|August 10, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Nearly half of dementia cases in New Zealand remain undiagnosed, particularly in Māori, Pacific, and Asian populations. This highlights a critical need for improved dementia diagnosis and care access.

Keywords:
New Zealandadministrative datacapture‐recapturedementiadementia prevalenceethnicity

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Community-based dementia prevalence studies are costly and lack ethnic representation in Aotearoa New Zealand.
  • Routinely collected health data have limitations due to underdiagnosis and undercoding of dementia.
  • Capture-recapture methods offer a way to estimate missing cases in health datasets.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To estimate dementia prevalence in Aotearoa New Zealand using linked health data.
  • To quantify the proportion of undiagnosed dementia across different ethnic groups.
  • To inform strategies for improving dementia care access and diagnosis.

Main Methods:

  • Linked three national health datasets: interRAI, Public hospital discharges, and Pharmaceuticals.
  • Identified prevalent dementia cases in New Zealand from January 1 to December 31, 2021.
  • Applied capture-recapture analysis with loglinear models to estimate missing cases.

Main Results:

  • An estimated 47.8% of dementia cases were not found in any of the three datasets.
  • Dementia prevalence in the 60+ population rose from 3.7% to 7.1% with missing cases included.
  • Missing case estimates were significantly higher for Māori (49.2%), Pacific peoples (50.6%), and Asian (59.6%) individuals compared to Europeans (46.4%).

Conclusions:

  • Updated dementia prevalence estimates for New Zealand, including a substantial proportion of undiagnosed cases.
  • Revealed significant ethnic disparities in undiagnosed dementia, with higher rates in Māori, Pacific, and Asian populations.
  • Emphasized the urgent need for enhanced dementia assessment and diagnostic services across New Zealand.