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Related Concept Videos

Curing Methods01:26

Curing Methods

73
Concrete members with a small surface-to-volume ratio are cured by oiling and moistening the forms before casting the concrete member. These forms can be left in place for a prolonged period to prevent moisture loss, and can be wetted if made of a material suitable for wetting. If the forms are removed early, the concrete member is moistened and covered with polythene sheets to maintain moisture. For large horizontal concrete surfaces exposed to dry weather, a temporary covering is suspended...
73
Placing Concrete01:17

Placing Concrete

92
The concrete is placed as close as possible to its final position to avoid segregation. The placed concrete is then fully compacted to expel the entrapped air, and the next layer of concrete is laid while the underlying layer is still in the plastic state. The rate at which concrete is placed and compacted is kept equal.
While placing concrete, care is taken to ensure that the concrete is laid in uniform layers, and hand shoveling and moving concrete using poker vibrators is avoided. Also,...
92
Accelerated Curing of Concrete01:25

Accelerated Curing of Concrete

119
Accelerating concrete curing is achieved by applying heat and additional moisture. This process accelerates the hydration of the cement, resulting in an earlier strength gain in the concrete. Steam curing is a method wherein the concrete products are either transported through a chamber on a conveyor belt or encased in plastic, allowing steam at atmospheric pressure to circulate freely around them. This process begins with a phase of moist curing that typically lasts between 3 to 5 hours, after...
119
Additives and Fillers in Concrete01:29

Additives and Fillers in Concrete

92
Additives and fillers are integral to enhancing the properties of concrete. Pozzolans and blast-furnace slag are additives or admixtures due to their reactions with calcium hydroxide released during cement hydration. Fillers, which are finely ground and similar in fineness to Portland cement, improve concrete attributes such as workability density, and reduce capillary bleeding or cracking. Some fillers possess hydraulic properties or participate in benign reactions within the cement paste.
The...
92
Preplaced Aggregate Concrete01:29

Preplaced Aggregate Concrete

95
Preplaced aggregate concrete is ideal for construction environments that are not easily accessible. The process begins by properly wetting the gap-graded coarse aggregates to remove the dirt, then placing it in the form and compacting it. Voids are filled with a mortar mix pumped under pressure through slotted pipes. This mortar typically consists of Portland cement, pozzolan, fine aggregates, water, and a fluidizing aid. The pozzolan helps reduce bleeding and segregation while improving the...
95

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Shrinkage of Dental Composite in Simulated Cavity Measured with Digital Image Correlation
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Using Bulk-Fill Composite and High-Intensity Curing When Light Tip Placement Is Compromised.

David K Langford1, Martha H Wells2, C Volk Vinall3

  • 1Assistant Professor of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Fla., USA.

Pediatric Dentistry
|August 10, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Compromised light tip placement reduced composite curing. Bulk-fill composites showed better depth of cure than conventional ones, especially with high-intensity curing lights, but increments under 2.5 mm are still recommended.

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Area of Science:

  • Dental Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Biomaterials Engineering

Background:

  • Inadequate light tip placement during dental composite curing can compromise restoration integrity.
  • Bulk-fill composites offer potential advantages in placement efficiency but require adequate curing.
  • High-intensity curing lights aim to improve polymerization depth and speed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess if bulk-fill composites and high-intensity curing mitigate reduced performance from poor light tip placement.
  • To compare the curing efficacy of conventional versus bulk-fill composites under varied light tip conditions.
  • To evaluate the impact of high-power curing settings on composite performance.

Main Methods:

  • Plastic discs with 2.5-mm cavities were filled with conventional or bulk-fill composite.
  • Curing was performed using a high-intensity light at normal and high-power settings, with varied light tip distance and angle.
  • Vickers hardness was measured on top and bottom surfaces to determine the bottom-to-top hardness ratio.

Main Results:

  • All top surfaces exhibited higher hardness than bottom surfaces.
  • Curing performance (bottom-to-top hardness ratio) was significantly affected by composite type, light tip placement, and curing regimen.
  • Bulk-fill composites demonstrated significantly higher bottom-to-top hardness ratios compared to conventional composites.
  • High-power curing enhanced bulk-fill composite performance but not conventional composite.

Conclusions:

  • Increased light tip distance and angle negatively impact composite curing depth.
  • Bulk-fill composites provide superior bottom-cure performance compared to conventional composites, irrespective of light tip positioning.
  • High-power curing benefits only bulk-fill composites, but overall low bottom-to-top ratios necessitate incremental curing for both materials at depths below 2.5 mm.