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Related Concept Videos

Microcracking in Concrete01:20

Microcracking in Concrete

114
Microcracking in concrete refers to the tiny cracks that can form within the material even before any external load is applied. These microcracks typically occur at the interface between the coarse aggregate and the hydrated cement paste, often as a result of differential volume changes prompted by variations in stress-strain behavior, as well as thermal and moisture movement. Initially, these microcracks remain stable and do not grow substantially until the concrete is stressed to about 30...
114
Behavior of Concrete Under Compressive Load01:23

Behavior of Concrete Under Compressive Load

152
Concrete exhibits specific behaviors under different compressive loads. Understanding this is crucial for understanding its structural integrity. When concrete undergoes uniaxial compression, it tends to develop cracks that run parallel to the direction of the force. These parallel cracks stem from localized tensile stresses that occur perpendicular to the compression direction. Additionally, angled cracks may appear due to the formation of shear planes.
As the concrete specimen fractures under...
152
Relation between Poisson's ratio, Modulus of Elasticity and Modulus of Rigidity01:15

Relation between Poisson's ratio, Modulus of Elasticity and Modulus of Rigidity

257
Deformation occurs in axial and transverse directions when an axial load is applied to a slender bar. This deformation impacts the cubic element within the bar, transforming it into either a rectangular parallelepiped or a rhombus, contingent on its orientation. This transformation process induces shearing strain. Axial loading elicits both shearing and normal strains. Applying an axial load instigates equal normal and shearing stresses on elements oriented at a 45° angle to the load axis.
257
Shrinkage in Concrete01:27

Shrinkage in Concrete

89
Shrinkage in concrete is primarily due to water loss from evaporation, hydration of cement, or carbonation, leading to a reduction in volume. The volumetric contraction results in volumetric strain in concrete. However, in practice, shrinkage is measured as linear strain, which is one-third of the volumetric strain.
When concrete is still in its plastic state, it can undergo a decrease in volume by about 1% of its absolute volume. This decrease is known as plastic shrinkage. It arises either...
89

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Published on: December 20, 2024

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X-IGA Used for Orthotropic Material Crack Growth.

Mohammed Berrada Gouzi1, Ahmed El Khalfi1, Sorin Vlase2,3

  • 1Faculty of Science and Technology, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30000, Morocco.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|August 10, 2024
PubMed
Summary

A novel numerical method, extended isogeometric analysis, accurately simulates crack growth in composite materials. This approach provides reliable stress intensity factor predictions, comparable to established methods like the extended finite element method.

Keywords:
Stroh’s formulacrack growthenergy integral methodextended finite element methodextended isogeometric analysisstress intensity factorunidirectional composite material

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Area of Science:

  • Computational mechanics
  • Materials science
  • Fracture mechanics

Background:

  • Composite materials are susceptible to crack propagation, impacting structural integrity.
  • Accurate simulation of crack growth is crucial for predicting material failure.
  • Existing methods like the extended finite element method (X-FEM) show promise but can be computationally intensive.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and validate a new numerical approach, extended isogeometric analysis (X-IGA), for simulating crack growth in unidirectional composites.
  • To evaluate the accuracy of X-IGA in determining stress intensity factors and T-stress.
  • To compare the performance of X-IGA with the extended finite element method (X-FEM).

Main Methods:

  • Formulation of governing equations using energy integral method, Stroh's Formula, and anisotropic elasticity.
  • Numerical solution and post-processing of stress and stress intensity factor (SIF) using developed MATLAB code.
  • Validation against a benchmark problem: an anisotropic plate with two edge cracks.

Main Results:

  • The proposed extended isogeometric analysis (X-IGA) effectively simulates crack growth in composite materials.
  • Calculated stress intensity factors (SIF) from X-IGA show excellent agreement with X-FEM results.
  • A minimal discrepancy of 0.0021 Pa·m^0.5 was observed when comparing X-IGA and X-FEM SIF values.

Conclusions:

  • Extended isogeometric analysis (X-IGA) is a credible and accurate method for numerically simulating crack growth in unidirectional composites.
  • The high accuracy of X-IGA suggests its potential as a robust alternative to X-FEM for analyzing composite material failure.
  • This approach can enhance the design and safety of composite structures across various industries.