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Using Zeolite Materials to Remove Pharmaceuticals from Water.

Tomasz Bajda1, Agnieszka Grela2, Justyna Pamuła2

  • 1Faculty of Geology, Geophysics and Environmental Protection, AGH University of Krakow, al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|August 10, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Fly ash-derived zeolites and composites effectively remove pharmaceuticals like colistin and fluoxetine from water. These advanced materials offer a promising solution for treating contaminated aquatic environments.

Keywords:
adsorptionantibioticscarbon–zeolite compositewastewaterzeolite

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Water Treatment Technologies

Background:

  • Pharmaceuticals in aquatic environments pose risks to public health and ecosystems.
  • Existing water treatment methods struggle to remove persistent pharmaceutical compounds effectively.
  • Specific pharmaceuticals like colistin (KOL), fluoxetine (FLUO), amoxicillin (AMO), and 17-alpha-ethinylestradiol (EST) frequently exceed safe limits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of synthetic zeolite (NaP1_FA) and zeolite-carbon composites (NaP1_C) derived from fly ash for removing pharmaceuticals from water.
  • To investigate the influence of various parameters on the adsorption process.
  • To identify the optimal conditions and mechanisms for pharmaceutical removal.

Main Methods:

  • Batch adsorption experiments were conducted to test the removal of KOL, FLUO, AMO, and EST.
  • Parameters studied included contact time, adsorbent dosage, initial concentration, and pH.
  • Adsorption kinetics were modeled using the Behnajady-Modirshahla-Ghanbary (BMG) model.

Main Results:

  • NaP1_FA and NaP1_C achieved over 90% removal of all tested pharmaceuticals within 2 minutes.
  • Optimal adsorbent dosage was found to be 1-2 g L-1.
  • Removal efficiency order: EST > AMO > KOL > FLUO. Optimal pH for KOL and FLUO removal was 2-2.5.
  • Zeolite-carbon composite (NaP1_C) showed enhanced removal of hydrophobic pharmaceuticals.

Conclusions:

  • Fly ash-derived zeolites and composites are highly effective and rapid adsorbents for pharmaceuticals.
  • Physical sorption is the primary mechanism for pharmaceutical immobilization on these materials.
  • These materials show significant potential for developing cost-effective decentralized wastewater treatment systems.