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Nasal Microbiome in Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis Compared to Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Eliza Brożek-Mądry1, Zofia Burska1, Katarzyna Życińska2
1Department of Otorhinolaryngology, National Institute of the Ministry of the Interior and Administration, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland.
Abstract:
Rhinosinusitis in granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) is categorised as a secondary, diffuse and inflammatory chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). It is one of the conditions that impacts the nasal microbiota. This study aimed to compare the nasal microbiomes of patients with GPA, CRS and NSP. A total of 31 patients were included in the study (18 GPA, 6 CRS and 7 nasal septum perforation (NSP)). In all patients, SNOT 22, a nasal endoscopy (Lund-Kennedy scale) and a brush swab were performed. The metagenomic analysis was carried out based on the hypervariable V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. At the genus level, statistically significant differences were observed in two comparisons: the GPA/NSP and the GPA/CRS groups. In the GPA/NSP group, the differences were related to four genera (Actinomyces, Streptococcus, Methylobacterium-Methylorubrum, Paracoccus), while in the GPA/CRS group, they were related to six (Kocuria, Rothia, Cutibacterium, Streptococcus, Methylobacterium-Methylorubrum, Tepidimonas). Patients with GPA had lower diversity compared to CRS and NSP patients. There were no statistically significant differences found for the Staphylococcus family and Staphylococcus aureus between the three groups.
Insights
Nasal microbiome diversity is lower in granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) patients compared to those with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) or nasal septum perforation (NSP). Specific bacterial genera differ significantly between these groups, offering insights into GPA pathogenesis.
Area of Science:
- Microbiology
- Immunology
- Otolaryngology
Background:
- Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) involves secondary, diffuse, inflammatory chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).
- Nasal microbiota alterations are associated with GPA and CRS.
- Understanding these microbial differences is crucial for disease management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare the nasal microbiomes of patients with GPA, CRS, and nasal septum perforation (NSP).
- To identify specific bacterial genera that differ between these patient groups.
Main Methods:
- Metagenomic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene (V3-V4 region).
- Inclusion of 31 patients: 18 GPA, 6 CRS, and 7 NSP.
- Clinical assessments included SNOT 22 and nasal endoscopy (Lund-Kennedy scale).
Main Results:
- Significant differences in bacterial genera were found between GPA/NSP and GPA/CRS groups.
- GPA patients exhibited lower nasal microbiome diversity compared to CRS and NSP patients.
- No significant differences in Staphylococcus or Staphylococcus aureus were observed across the groups.
Conclusions:
- Nasal microbiome composition and diversity differ significantly in GPA patients compared to CRS and NSP.
- These findings may contribute to understanding GPA pathophysiology and developing targeted therapies.
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