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Study of microRNAs in Gingival Crevicular Fluid as Periodontal Diseases Biomarkers: Systematic Review
María Cosín-Villanueva1, Pedro J Almiñana-Pastor1, Jose Luis García-Giménez2,3,4
1Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
Aim:
The aim of this review was to identify the microRNAs (miRNAs) present in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) that can be used as biomarkers for the diagnosis of periodontal diseases, and to determine which of them has a higher diagnostic yield for periodontitis.
Methods:
The review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines (reference number CRD42024544648). The Pubmed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases were searched for clinical studies conducted in humans investigating periodontal diseases and miRNAs in GCF. The methodological quality of the articles was measured with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.
Results:
A total of 3222 references were identified in the initial literature search, and 16 articles were finally included in the review. The design of the studies was heterogeneous, which prevented a meta-analysis of the data. Most of the studies compared miRNA expression levels between patients with periodontitis and healthy controls. The most widely researched miRNA in periodontal diseases was miR-200b-3p and miR-146a.
Conclusions:
the miRNAs most studied are miR-146a, miR-200b, miR-223, miR-23a, and miR-203, and all of them except miR-203 have an acceptable diagnostic plausibility for periodontitis.
Insights
This review identifies microRNAs (miRNAs) in gingival crevicular fluid as potential biomarkers for diagnosing periodontal diseases. Several miRNAs, including miR-146a and miR-200b, show promise for periodontitis diagnosis.
Area of Science:
- Biomarkers
- Periodontal Disease
- MicroRNA
Background:
- Periodontal diseases pose a significant global health challenge.
- Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) is a readily accessible source of potential diagnostic biomarkers.
- MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are emerging as key regulators in various diseases, including periodontal conditions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review and identify microRNAs (miRNAs) in GCF as diagnostic biomarkers for periodontal diseases.
- To evaluate the diagnostic yield of specific miRNAs for periodontitis.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review adhering to PRISMA guidelines.
- Comprehensive literature search across major scientific databases (PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, Embase, Web of Science, Google Scholar).
- Inclusion of human clinical studies investigating periodontal diseases and GCF miRNAs; methodological quality assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.
Main Results:
- 16 studies were included from an initial search of 3222 references.
- Heterogeneous study designs precluded meta-analysis.
- miR-200b-3p and miR-146a were the most frequently investigated miRNAs in periodontal disease studies.
Conclusions:
- Several miRNAs, including miR-146a, miR-200b, miR-223, and miR-23a, demonstrate acceptable diagnostic plausibility for periodontitis.
- miR-203 was noted as an exception among the highly studied miRNAs.
- GCF miRNAs represent a promising avenue for non-invasive periodontal disease diagnosis.
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