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Related Concept Videos

Redox Equilibria: Overview01:23

Redox Equilibria: Overview

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A reduction-oxidation reaction is commonly called a redox reaction. In a redox reaction, electrons are transferred from one species to another rather than being shared between or among atoms. The reducing agent or reductant is the species that loses electrons and gets oxidized in the process. The species that gains electrons and gets reduced in the process is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Redox reactions are represented as two separate equations called half-reactions, where one equation...
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Phase I biotransformation reductive reactions are chemical processes that modify drugs by introducing or revealing polar functional groups via reduction. Enzymes called reductases catalyze these reactions, playing a pivotal role in drug metabolism by transforming lipophilic drugs into more polar, water-soluble metabolites for easy excretion. An essential type of reductive reaction is the carbonyl group reduction, where aldehydes and ketones are reduced to alcohols. An example is the...
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Redox Chemistry: Implications for Necrotizing Enterocolitis.

Grant H Gershner1,2, Catherine J Hunter1,2

  • 1Division of Pediatric Surgery, Oklahoma Children's Hospital, 1200 Everett Drive, ET NP 2320, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|August 10, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Oxidative stress (OS) occurs when the body overproduces reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, overwhelming antioxidant systems. This review explores redox chemistry and its link to neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC).

Keywords:
necrotizing enterocolitisneonateoxidative stressprematurityreactive nitrogen speciesreactive oxygen species

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Neonatal Physiology
  • Pathophysiology

Background:

  • Reduction-oxidation (redox) chemistry is fundamental to human homeostasis, involved in energy production, immunity, and cellular signaling.
  • An imbalance leading to overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) causes oxidative stress (OS).
  • In neonates, OS is linked to conditions like retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), leukomalacia, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explain the fundamentals of redox chemistry and endogenous antioxidant mechanisms.
  • To discuss the pathological consequences of unchecked redox imbalance, particularly oxidative stress.
  • To examine the potential role of oxidative stress in neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC).

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of redox chemistry principles.
  • Discussion of physiological antioxidant systems.
  • Exploration of oxidative stress mechanisms and their impact on neonatal health, with a focus on NEC.

Main Results:

  • Redox reactions are essential for normal physiological functions.
  • Oxidative stress arises from an imbalance between ROS/RNS production and antioxidant defenses.
  • Emerging evidence suggests a role for OS in the pathogenesis of neonatal NEC.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding redox balance is crucial for comprehending cellular function and disease.
  • Oxidative stress represents a significant risk factor in neonatal morbidities, including NEC.
  • Further research is warranted to elucidate the specific mechanisms linking OS to NEC and to develop targeted interventions.