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Updated: Jun 17, 2025

Primary Endodermal Epithelial Cell Culture from the Yolk Sac Membrane of Japanese Quail Embryos
Published on: March 10, 2016
Initial formation of and sex differences in primordial germ cells in Japanese quail
Shusei Mizushima1, Yuya Ogawa1, Asato Kuroiwa1
1Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan.
Abstract:
DEAD-box RNA helicase 4 (DDX4) is posited to be a key maternal germ cell factor regulating avian germ cell formation. We herein showed that the DDX4 gene product of zygotic genome activation associated with the nuclear localization of the cyclin D1 protein in presumptive primordial germ cells (PGCs) plays an essential role in the proliferation of PGCs using a CRISPR/Cas9 system approach combined with in vitro fertilization techniques in Japanese quail. A proteome analysis also revealed molecular-based differences in the features of early male and female PGCs.
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